Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs

Play therapy constitutes a specialized psychotherapeutic approach that utilizes play as a primary means of communication, expression, and processing of emotional experiences, particularly in cases where verbal expression is limited. Within the context of addressing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), play therapy provides a safe and structured environment in which the individual can engage with the traumatic event indirectly, thereby reducing the risk of re-traumatization. The aim of the present study is to highlight the contribution of this approach to the treatment of individuals who have experienced traumatic events. This topic was selected to emphasize the significance of play, in all its forms, and its efficacy in approaching traumatic experiences with a therapeutic purpose.Through techniques focused on art, such as role-playing, figurine enactment, and creative activities, play therapy facilitates emotional discharge, supports the reconstruction of personal narratives, and enhances the sense of control. The present study takes the form of a literature review, based on the identification and selection of research articles published in international scientific journals related to the topic under investigation. The collection of articles was conducted using reliable search platforms, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, and other comparable databases.Findings from the reviewed studies indicate that play therapy can reduce symptoms of hyperarousal, avoidance, and re-experiencing, while also contributing to improved emotional regulation and psychological resilience. Received: 28 January 2026 / Accepted: 28 February 2026 / Published: January 2026

Abstract This study examines the temperature requirements for conidial germination of Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc., a major leaf spot pathogen affecting cabbage in Greece. The primary objective was to identify the minimum, optimum and maximum temperatures for conidial germination under constant temperature conditions. Our results showed that the optimum temperature for conidial germination was 23 °C, with germination inhibited at both high (35 °C) and low (4 °C) temperatures. Conidia began germinating after 9 h at 23 °C. Additionally, we evaluated the accuracy of a forecasting model for predicting Alternaria leaf spot on cabbage by examining the relationship between conidial germination (influenced by temperature and time after wet conditions) and disease progression in the field. We developed and compared the performance of a Linear Mixed-Effects model with non-linear growth models, including logistic, Richards and Gompertz models. The logistic model consistently outperformed the others in most scenarios. The logistic forecast model accurately predicted infection periods and correlated well with disease onset, severity, and symptom progression, particularly in untreated plants. These findings suggest that incorporating temperature thresholds (such as the optimal 23 °C and inhibitory points) into the forecast model can effectively predict outbreaks. This predictive approach can assist cabbage growers in Greece and regions with similar climates in optimizing fungicide applications, reducing unnecessary treatments and improving overall crop protection.

This paper focuses on digital communication between mothers of firstgrade primary school children in a rural area in Argolida, Greece, and explores verbal and non-verbal expression daily through the Viber app. Sending texts, videos, and audio messages, sharing emoticons, memes, and stickers, choosing to be in silence or avoid communication play a crucial role in shaping how mothers connect with others, manage their relationships, and navigate their social spheres. It also ensures the flow of information about school life, the exchange of views and ideas about motherhood, and strengthens the bonds between group members, promoting solidarity and support. Today, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, digital platforms have emerged as an important tool for maintaining and strengthening communication. The purpose of this study is to investigate communication among mothers of primary school students in Greece while using the Viber app. In addition, it seeks their attitudes within the group, how communication between them is enhanced, the existence of tensions or conflicts, and how they are resolved. The qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews with twelve (12) mothers of children in the first grade of primary school, aged 28 to 47 years, from March to April 2025. The research participants are mothers who regularly use mobile devices and social networking platforms. Through these interviews, it analyzes efforts to enhance their mutual interactions, their involvement in significant school life decisions, and the emotional support they offer for personal issues.

Teaching aids are used to explain the concept of science learning in the form of real objects. Along with the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the specifications for teaching aids need innovation, especially digital access and Augmented Reality (AR) based virtualization, which are currently growing rapidly. This research aims to develop a solar system teaching aids with manipulative virtualization concrete and digital AR. The ADDIE Research and Development (R and D) model has been applied to achieve the objectives of this study. The stages of this research were carried out through the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. This research has produced a solar system teaching aids with manipulative virtualization concrete and digital AR. The results of the validation of content experts are 88%, validation of media and technology experts are 86% and teacher or user responses are 88%. The three validations reached the very feasible criteria. The average percentage of the validation score is 87.33% or the criteria are very feasible. It is concluded that the solar system teaching aids with manipulative virtualization concrete and digital AR are valid to be used in science learning to improve the science concepts comprehensions, especially solar system.