Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

The article presents a clinical case of cure of pulmonary mycobacteriosis (MB) with healing of a pathological cavity that developed as a result of Mycobacterium kansasii invasion. The combination of individually selected anti-mycobacteriosis chemotherapy and implantation of an endobronchial valve in the upper lobe bronchus of the right lung, draining the cavity, made it possible to achieve this result in a patient with a history of pulmonary embolism and other localizations of thrombosis, which was a contraindication for the lung resections.

Group B Streptococcus as a commensal can cause severe infectious diseases in newborns, posing a serious danger to their lives. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of registration of group B streptococcus in pregnant women, mothers and newborns Using a mini-laboratory – the analytical system «LifePad» Analyzer. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in a group of pregnant women examined at 35−37 weeks of pregnancy, intranatally in the delivery room, as well as in newborns. Microbiological data were compared with clinical manifestations of newborns. Results. Among pregnant women, S. agalactiae carriage was 4.4 %. In women examined in the delivery room, S. agalactiae was detected in 7.8 % of cases with a predominance of colonies in the vaginal contents and from the cervix. Every second pregnant woman had registration of polymicrobial associations. The use of the analytical system of the LIFEPAD analyzer in combination with reagents reduced the time for obtaining results on the presence of S. agalactiae to 60 minutes. When examining newborns, in 75.0 % of cases, streptococcus was seeded from the skin of the axilla. Generalized streptococcal infection was reported in 8.3 % of cases, localized in 16.7 % of newborns. Among the newborns of the second stage of nursing, generalized bacterial infection caused by S. agalactiae was reported in 8.0 % of cases, and localized in 40.0 %. The results of determining the sensitivity of S. agalactiae to antibacterial drugs revealed high resistance to tetracycline drugs, moderate to fluoroquinolones, macrolides and lincosamides. Some strains had a constitutive and inducible MLSb phenotype of antibiotic group resistance. Conclusion. The relatively high incidence of infectious disease manifestation in newborns at risk requires attention to the diagnosis of Group B Streptococcus carriage in pregnant women.

Dynamic monitoring of the patient for 3 years is described. Based on the cone beam computed tomography data, the linear and angular parameters of the mandible and the location of the third molar were evaluated, which eventually led to independent tooth eruption.

Purpose. Analysis of polymorbid background in middle-aged and elderly women in relation to the presence or absence of osteopenia and sarcopenia. Materials and methods. 196 women were examined, divided into 2 age groups: 1st (n=98)– 45-49 years old, 2st (n=98) – 60–74 years old. Analysis of polymorbid background was carried out according to outpatient records during clinical examination and preventive examination. Osteopenia was diagnosed using the FURUNO CM-200 light ultrasound densitometer (Japan). EWGSOP 2 criteria were used to detect sarcopenia. Muscle strength was determined using the DK-25-e hand dynamometer, muscle mass on the Multiscan BC-OXi apparatus (Russia), muscle function – with the test "walking speed by 4 meters." Results. In middle age, thyroid disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic pancreatitis were significantly more common in women with osteopenic syndrome (p < 0.05). In advanced age, osteopenia was similarly associated with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland, as well as coronary artery disease (p < 0.05). Sarcopenia in women 45–59 years old was significantly more often combined with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their complications

Introduction. One of the significant issues of our time is the widespread distribution of chemicals in various fields of human activity, their pollution of the environment and the associated increase in chemical effects on humans. Any person can be exposed to a wide variety of chemicals, which can lead to the development of various pathologies, from acute poisoning to malignant neoplasms. In this regard, high-quality training of medical and pharmaceutical specialists in toxicology is necessary.The aim of the study is to evaluate the experience of the St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University in training students, master’s students, postgraduate students and practicing pharmaceutical specialists in toxicology.Material and methods. The materials of the work were documents of educational and methodological complexes on toxicology for students of the pharmaceutical faculty, master’s students, postgraduate students and students of advanced training courses of the St. Petersburg Chemical and Pharmaceutical University.Results. Toxicology as an independent academic discipline has been taught to students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University for 15 years. During this period, a lot of methodological work has been done, two textbooks, three manuals and schoolbooks, a large amount of test questions and situational tasks, and electronic educational and methodological complex have been prepared. Over the past five years, toxicology has also been taught to master’s students and students in advanced training courses in "Industrial pharmacy". Since 2023, the St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University has opened a postgraduate program in scientific specialty 3.3.4 "Toxicology", which can be considered a significant success in the training of highly qualified personnel in the field of higher pharmaceutical education on current issues of toxicology.Limitations. The study is limited to an analysis of the experience of teaching toxicology at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University.Conclusion. Studying toxicology during initial training and additional education at St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University allows pharmaceutical specialists to acquire the necessary competencies for high-quality performance of professional duties when working in their specialty.Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a conclusion from the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.Authors’ contributions: Strelova O.Yu. – concept and design of research, collection, processing and analysis of the material, writing, editing; Grebenyuk A.N. – concept and design of research, collection, processing and analysis of the material, writing, editing; Tikhonova V.V. – collection of the material, writing; Balabanova O.L. – collection of the material, writing. All co-authors are responsible for approving the final version of the article and ensuring the integrity of all its parts.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no apparent and potential conflicts of interest in relation to the publication of this article.Funding. The study had no financial support.Accepted: January 12, 2026 / Revised: January 30, 2026 / Accepted: February 2, 2026 / Published: March 18, 2026

Aim. To demonstrate a multidisciplinary approach in management of a patient with generalized sarcoidosis, heart disease and a life-threatening complication in the form of cerebral infarction which required selection of treatment tactics. Material and methods. Patient A., 41, presented with sarcoidosis and Löfgren’s syndrome onset at the age of 23 and developed clinically manifested cardiac disease over the next three years. Cardiac sarcoidosis was characterized by complex life-threatening arrhythmias, progression of chronic heart failure, and infarction-like changes in electrocardiograms and echocardiograms necessitating differential diagnosis. Results. Uncontrolled intermittent use of prednisolone, lack of regular standard therapy for sarcoidosis, and lack of antiarrhythmic therapy largely predetermined the unfavorable course of events, including development of an ischemic stroke at a young age. The development of the cerebral infarction was due to a combination of factors: arrhythmia, newly diagnosed congenital heart defect (patent foramen ovale), hyperhomocysteinemia, and the presence of polymorphisms in the folate cycle genes (MTHFR, MTR). Conclusion. The diversity of clinical manifestations often leads to diagnostic difficulties and errors. In the absence of adequate therapy, the disease progresses and has an unfavorable prognosis. This article presents a clinical observation of a young patient with generalized sarcoidosis with progressive heart disease, hereditary thrombophilia, patent foramen ovale complicated by the development of a stroke.

Relevance. Rotavirus infection remains epidemiologically and economically significant to this day. Aim. To evaluate the preventive effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccine in the vaccination of young children. Materials and methods. This article presents a comparative analysis of rotavirus enteritis incidence across different age groups in the municipal district of «Berezniki City» during the pre-mass vaccination (2010–2018) and mass vaccination (2019–2024) periods. The comparison region was the Kudymkarsky Municipal District, where rotavirus immunization was not implemented. Results and discussion. The findings demonstrate a significant decrease in rotavirus enteritis incidence among residents of the «Berezniki City» municipal district during the mass vaccination period compared to the pre-vaccination era, confirming the high preventive efficacy of rotavirus enteritis immunization. Conclusion. The obtained data support the necessity of introducing mass vaccination against rotavirus infection in first-year infants within specific regions as the most effective tool for reducing morbidity and improving the epidemiological situation.

Introduction. Oral tongue cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. Despite the widespread use of the term “glossectomy”, there is no uniform approach to its interpretation in clinical practice, as existing classifications of tongue resections do not always reflect the actual extent of surgical intervention and the involvement of adjacent anatomical structures, which complicates standardization of surgical descriptions and comparability of clinical data. Aim. To develop an anatomic – functional classification of tongue resections expanding the system proposed by M. Ansarin et al., taking into account the involvement of adjacent oral structures and clinically significant functional consequences of surgical intervention. Materials and methods. An analytical review of domestic and international literature devoted to the surgical treatment of tongue cancer and existing classifications of tongue resections was performed. Based on anatomical and functional analysis, as well as the principles of compartment surgery, an anatomic – functional classification of tongue resections expanding the system proposed by M. Ansarin et al. (2019) was developed. Results. The proposed classification has an extended hierarchical structure. Roman numerals (0–IV) indicate the extent of tongue resection, capital letters (A–C) denote the involvement of adjacent structures (floor of the mouth, lateral oropharyngeal wall, mandibular alveolar ridge), and lowercase letters (a–c) specify the localization of the defect within the mobile tongue in cases of partial resections. Conclusion. The proposed anatomic – functional classification of tongue resections combines anatomical precision with clinical applicability. It accounts for the involvement of adjacent oral structures and allows the use of combined resection subtypes, which is particularly relevant in locally advanced tumors. The classification improves the reproducibility of describing the extent of surgical intervention and may serve as a basis for structured assessment of expected functional consequences of resection, as well as a reference for planning the reconstructive stage of treatment.

Introduction. Despite favorable prognosis for differentiated thyroid cancer, 5–10 % of the cases are radioiodine-refractory form of this pathology characterized by aggressive course. Molecular and genetic causes of the resistance are genetic mutations, primarily in the BRAF (V600E mutations), TP53, TERT, RAS, NTRK and RET genes, oligoclonality, and somatic tumor heterogeneity. These cell events can affect response to targeted therapy, promote the «evasion» effect, development of radioiodine resistance, and underlie the possibility of tumor re-differentiation when treatment affects these targets. Clinical case. The article describes a clinical case of combination treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer with lung metastases. In 2016–2022, the female patient received 3 courses of radioiodine therapy which did not achieve any significant effect. Due to this, targeted therapy with sorafenib at the place of residence was initiated. Considering development of medication intolerance and disease progression (local metastasis of BRAF-positive tumor and laryngeal stenosis), targeted therapy was switched to BRAF / MEK-specific with subsequent course of radioiodine therapy and achievement of stable disease for 1 year. Genetic examination of the primary tumor and metastasis showed presence of the BRAFV600E mutation. Variant allele frequencies (VAF) in metastasis and recurrent tumor were 12 and 6 %, respectively. In the recurrent tumor, H1047L mutation in the PIK3CA gene was found (VAF 8 %). Previous examinations in two other laboratories did not show BRAF gene mutation in this tumor which did not correspond to primary partial response to targeted therapy with BRAF / MEK inhibitors. That said, our analysis identified this mutation. Conclusion. The obtained data highlight significant diagnostic difficulties of analysis of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples: preanalytical degradation of nucleic acids, fixation artefacts, low VAF, non-representative biopsy sampling increase the risk of false negative results. The presented clinical case demonstrates the necessity of routing of patients with aggressive tumors into specialized centers, and that treatment and diagnostic tactics should be determined by a qualified multidisciplinary team.

Introduction . Approximately 20 % of reproductive age women are obese, and more than half of them experience menstrual irregularities, anovulation, and infertility. Aim: to determine predictors of ovulation restoration and to develop a model for individual treatment selection in patients with obesity and oligo-/amenorrhea based on neural network technology. Materials and Methods . The prospective randomized controlled study included 80 women – patients with obesity and oligo-/amenorrhea, divided into 2 groups, who received the following therapy for 6 months: 40 patients (group I) – a combination of myoinositol, D-chiroinositol, folic acid and manganese, the other 40 patients (group II) – metformin. After treatment, patients from both groups were divided into two clusters based on the "anovulation/ovulation" criterion. Anthropometric parameters were determined, pelvic organs ultrasound was performed, laboratory tests (indicators of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, amino acids and peptides, hormonal status, blood cytokine levels, inflammation markers, and blood micronutrient composition) were performed. To create a model for predicting ovulation restoration, a multilayer perceptron procedure was used. The diagnostic value of the prognostic model was determined using ROC analysis. Results . The average age of the patients was 27.9 ± 3.8 years, with the average body mass index (BMI) 33,4 [31.2; 34.0] kg/m2. The following parameters were identified as significant anovulation predictors using neural network analysis: waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), menstrual cycle duration, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein, leptin, follicle-stimulating hormone, 25-hydroxycalciferol (vitamin D), and tumour necrosis factor alpha. Because these parameters reflect the metabolic profile in patients, interventions to restore ovulation should primarily be aimed at correcting it. The developed model for predicting the onset of ovulation has a sensitivity of 100 %, specificity of 80 %, accuracy of 93.8 %; the area under the ROC curve is 0.985 (p < 0.001), which allows to consider it sufficiently informative for specific drug selection. For practical purposes, an online calculator for individual drug selection has been developed (accuracy – 91.7 %). Conclusion. An integrated approach based on neural network analysis of study parameters available for wide clinical practice is promising for predicting the onset of ovulation while using a specific drug due to its high information content.