Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

Generative AI has emerged as a transformative technology capable of reshaping public sector operations by streamlining administrative tasks, enhancing data analytics, and driving more personalized citizen interactions. Despite its potential, a critical gap remains in understanding how generative AI can be effectively integrated into government processes, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia, where bureaucratic inefficiencies and infrastructural constraints persist. This study addresses this gap by conducting a mixed-method investigation that combines a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of generative AI applications across multiple sectors to inform public service innovation, with expert interviews from key stakeholders Indonesian government, academic, and industry. The findings indicate that generative AI holds substantial promise for reducing manual processes, improving inter-agency coordination, and fostering data-driven decision-making. However, challenges related to ethical considerations, data privacy, and limited digital infrastructure present significant barriers to widespread adoption. By proposing a governance framework and offering strategic recommendations tailored to the Indonesian context, this research provides actionable insights for policymakers, government agencies, and technology providers. In doing so, it contributes to the evolving discourse on AI-driven public service innovation and offers a pathway toward realizing a more efficient and citizen-focused smart government in Indonesia.

Elucidation of the detailed nature of age-related memory decline requires analysis of memory performance in large populations of various ages. To promote large-scale studies, we developed a smartphone-based self-test for memory recognition. We examined whether this test could detect age-related memory decline and the effects of aerobic exercise on memory. Seventy-eight younger and 42 older participants were randomly divided into active and passive groups. Both groups took a memory recognition test (consisting of 2 sessions separated by a 48-hour interval) conducted on smartphones. The participants answered the positive and negative affect schedule questionnaire at the beginning and end of each session. In the first session, the participants performed cognitive tasks on 90 photographs displayed on a smartphone screen. Immediately after the cognitive tasks, the active group performed a bout of light aerobic exercise for 10 minutes, while the passive group remained calm for 10 minutes. In the second session, the participants were tested on the recognition of 90 previously observed photographs and 90 distractor photographs. Passive older participants had ~40% to ~50% lower recognition scores (RSs) than passive younger participants did. Moreover, the aerobic exercise used in this study improved the RSs of active younger participants by up to ~40% compared with those of passive younger participants, while such an improvement was not observed in older participants. The RS did not depend on the affect levels evaluated using positive and negative affect schedule questionnaire. These results demonstrated that the smartphone-based test could detect age-related decline and could promote behavior modification that may lead to memory enhancement, as reported in previous studies using conventional laboratory tests. The results of the smartphone-based test were not influenced by the subjects affect. This indicates the possibility of large-scale memory studies and healthcare for memory performance by using personal mobile devices.

Abstract In 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake caused great damage to the elderly and disabled, as well as many of the people who supported their evacuation. Various measures and evacuation drills are under way for evacuation of vulnerable people, and when evacuating, it is often decided who will support the evacuation of the vulnerable people. However, there is a need for a mindset that anyone can become an evacuation supporter because there is a possibility that it will not go as set in the actual situation. Therefore, in this study, in order to enable more efficient evacuation of wheelchairs, we measured the evacuation speed and observed an evacuation drill conducted in Nakatosa Town, and examined them separately in 4 phases: preparation, evacuation start time, evacuation action time, and evacuation spare time. As a result, factors to be reflected in evacuation drill and assistance action types for wheelchair evacuation were derived. By incorporating the verification used in this study into the tsunami evacuation plan, we hope to contribute to reducing human damage, including those who vulnerable people and their supporters.

Geological and geodetic observations of the Moon from spacecraft revealed that it expanded by a few km for the first several hundred million years and then contracted later. The period when the planet expanded most coincides with that when the mare volcanism of the Moon was active. Given the high initial temperature of the deep mantle inferred from the giant impact and mantle overturn hypotheses of the Moon, the observed early expansion is difficult to account for by thermal expansion only. To understand the observed radial change of the Moon, we numerically calculated the thermal evolution of a one-dimensional spherically symmetric mantle caused by transport of heat, mass, and incompatible heat-producing elements (HPEs) by migration of magma that is generated by internal heating. The mantle is assumed to be enriched in HPEs at its base in the initial condition. The calculated mantle expands for the first several hundred million years by melting of the deep mantle and upward migration of the generated magma to the uppermost mantle; the top of the partially molten region rises to the depth level of around 300 km, which is shallow enough to generate mare basalts of the Moon. The migrating magma, however, extracts HPEs from the deep interior, and the planet then contracts gradually by cooling and solidification of the partially molten mantle. We obtained a thermal history model that is consistent with the observed history of radial change of the Moon when the initial mid-mantle temperature T_{{text{M}}} approx 1600 ,{text{K}} and the initial ratio of the concentration of HPEs in the crust to that of the mantle F_{{{text{crst}}}}^{*} le 12. This model suggests that melting of the deep mantle and upward migration of the generated magma strongly affect the thermal history of the Moon. The model we developed here is a good starting point for constructing more realistic models of the thermal history of the Moon where the effects of heat and mass transport by mantle convection are also considered.Graphical

PurposeThis study investigated pre-evacuation times and evacuation behaviors of vulnerable people during the 2018 flooding in Shimobara, Okayama, Japan, and the flood-triggered factory explosion, a natural hazard-triggered technological accident known as a natural-hazard-triggered technological accidents (Natech). This study examined factors that affected evacuation decisions and pre-evacuation time, estimated the evacuation time in case of no explosion and identified community disaster prevention organization response efforts for vulnerable people.Design/methodology/approachInterviews with all 18 vulnerable people who experienced the event were conducted. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the effect of six factors on evacuation time and reasons for delayed evacuation.FindingsFactors affecting evacuation decisions included the sound of the explosion, followed by recommendations from relatives and the community disaster prevention organization. Explosion-related injuries delayed early evacuation, but experience of previous disasters and damage had a positive effect on early evacuation. The explosion sound accelerated evacuation of non-injured people; however, explosion-related injuries significantly delayed evacuation of injured individuals. The Shimobara community disaster prevention organization’s disaster response included a vulnerable people registry, visits to all local households and a multilayered approach that enabled monitoring of all households.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine the evacuation behavior of vulnerable people and community responses during a Natech event.