Minnesota State University Moorhead

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 and above is strongly linked with increased cardiovascular mortality. Myocardial infarction (MI) in this population carries a particularly poor prognosis. However, long-term trends in MI mortality among CKD patients—and how these vary by sex and race remain underexplored. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that MI mortality among patients with CKD stage 3 or higher has declined over time, but with persistent disparities by sex and race. We aimed to characterize these temporal patterns and identify inflection points using joinpoint regression. Methods: Using CDC WONDER data from 1999 to 2020, we extracted age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) for adults aged ≥25 years with advanced CKD and MI. AAMRs were stratified by sex (male, female) and race (White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic). Linear and joinpoint regression (1 allowed inflection) were used to estimate slope coefficients (β), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and trend shifts. Results: In sex-stratified analyses, mortality declined in both groups: males (β = -0.021, p = 0.036) with early steep decline (slope1 = -0.331) plateauing after 2005 (slope2 = -0.017); females showed greater sustained decline (β = -0.022, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.423). Among racial groups, Black individuals had the sharpest initial decline (slope1 = -1.65) and continued improvement (slope2 = -0.12, p < 0.001). Asian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native groups showed modest declines (slope2 ≈ -0.05, p < 0.01). White patients had stable mortality (slope2 = -0.006, NS). Hispanic mortality declined until 2017 (slope1 = -0.068, p < 0.001), then rose (slope2 = +0.105, NS). Conclusions: From 1999–2020, MI-related mortality in advanced CKD declined overall, with more consistent reductions among females. Black individuals demonstrated the greatest mortality reduction, though they started at the highest baseline. In contrast, White mortality remained stable, and a concerning uptick was observed in Hispanic populations post-2017. These trends emphasize the need for tailored public health interventions to address persisting disparities in cardiovascular outcomes among CKD patients.

Abstract We present the discovery of 30 transiting giant planets that were initially detected using data from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission. These new planets orbit relatively bright ( G ≤ 12.5) FGK host stars with orbital periods between 1.6 and 8.2 days, and have radii between 0.9 and 1.7 Jupiter radii. We performed follow-up ground-based photometry, high angular resolution imaging, high-resolution spectroscopy, and radial velocity monitoring for each of these objects to confirm that they are planets and determine their masses and other system parameters. The planets’ masses span more than an order of magnitude (0.17 M J &lt; M p &lt; 3.3 M J ). For two planets, TOI-3593 b and TOI-4961 b, we measured significant nonzero eccentricities of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.03</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , respectively, while for the other planets, the data typically provide a 1 σ upper bound of 0.15 on the eccentricity. These discoveries represent a major step toward assembling a complete, magnitude-limited sample of transiting hot Jupiters around FGK stars.

Introduction. Digitalization of the construction industry, including individual housing construction, is becoming a global trend. Digital Twin (DT) technology allows to create a virtual copy of a physical object and synchronize it with real data online. Aim. To analyze the use of digital twins in private housing construction, identify the challenges of digitalization, and determine promising areas of development based on foreign research and case studies. Materials and methods. The article is based on foreign research analyzing the technological architecture of a digital twin and the necessary software and hardware components for its creation. Results. The analysis shows that creating a digital twin requires a carefully collected database (DataRoom), the integration of sensors, IoT devices, and analytical tools, as well as real-time data synchronization and AI model training based on the owners' behavior. Cloud platforms provide scalability for the system, but there are also barriers to implementation. Practical significance. The article shows that digital twins of private homes are becoming part of the smart home concept, improving the operation and interaction of residents. It offers recommendations for real-time data processing, optimizing operational modes, adapting control to the behavior of owners, and intelligently predicting consequences. Conclusions. The digital twin of a private house occupies an important place in the technological and social context, transforming approaches to construction and resident interaction. It combines the functions of a passport, a manager, and an analyst, making the house smart, adaptive, and secure, capable of responding to internal and external challenges, acting as a "digital shadow".

This paper presents a unified, step-by-step development of laser amplification from the microscopic viewpoint of photon-atom interactions. Starting with the quantization of light (E = hν), introducing Einstein's three coefficients for absorption and e

Experiments comparing diploids with polyploids and in single grassland sites show that nitrogen and/or phosphorus availability influences plant growth and community composition dependent on genome size; specifically, plants with larger genomes grow faster under nutrient enrichments relative to those with smaller genomes. However, it is unknown if these effects are specific to particular site localities with speciifc plant assemblages, climates, and historical contingencies. To determine the generality of genome size-dependent growth responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, we combined genome size and species abundance data from 27 coordinated grassland nutrient addition experiments in the Nutrient Network that occur in the Northern Hemisphere across a range of climates and grassland communities. We found that after nitrogen treatment, species with larger genomes generally increased more in cover compared to those with smaller genomes, potentially due to a release from nutrient limitation. Responses were strongest for C3 grasses and in less seasonal, low precipitation environments, indicating that genome size effects on water-use-efficiency modulates genome size-nutrient interactions. Cumulatively, the data suggest that genome size is informative and improves predictions of species' success in grassland communities.