Mississippi State University

A challenge for anyone interested in aquaculture production in general and the U.S. oyster market in particular is the multitude of available datasets providing very different descriptions of the quantity and value of oysters produced. For instance, NOAA data indicate that U.S. oyster production has declined from almost 300,000 MT (live weight) in 2000 to 150,000 MT in 2023, whereas FAO data indicate relatively stable production around 200,000 MT over the same period. We compare publicly available oyster landings and value of landings data reported by regional agencies, NOAA, USDA Census of Aquaculture, and the FAO to shed light on differences and complementarities. FAO landings for the Atlantic Coast, which FAO classifies as all capture (wild), are consistently higher than those reported by NOAA. FAO's values of landings for the Gulf Coast were lower than those reported by NOAA until 2010, but higher thereafter, exceeding 50% since 2019. This shift coincides with a shift in FAO's classification of Gulf Coast landings from a combination of capture and aquaculture to all aquaculture. Pacific Coast values of landings are mostly consistent except in Census years, when FAO appears to follow the Census instead of NOAA. We also analyze prices and find consistency, despite the aforementioned differences. We observe some apparent landings adjustments, some suggesting discrepancies driven by weight conversion assumptions, and others suggesting efforts to adjust for production methods. These findings present a challenge for risk management and investment analysis, and are likely to be relevant far beyond the U.S. • We compare oyster landings data reported by regional agencies, NOAA, USDA, and FAO. • NOAA data indicate production has declined but FAO indicates it has been stable. • FAO landings for the Atlantic Coast are consistently higher than those of NOAA. • Recent FAO landings values for the Gulf Coast are higher than NOAA since 2010. • Prices are consistent despite differences in landings and landings values.

Population abundances, distributions, and compositions across a diversity of taxa are changing, partly as a consequence of human‐induced global modifications. Although linking population fluctuations to anthropogenic‐induced alterations can be challenging, it is increasingly clear that long‐term monitoring is critical to understanding changing populations. For waterfowl, concerns over recent declines in breeding populations or possible redistribution from using traditional wintering grounds for some species support continued monitoring of regional populations. To further understand population trends on traditional wintering grounds, we examined abundance trends over time within the Mississippi and Arkansas portions of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, using two sources of data: systematic aerial surveys and citizen science data. We found great annual variability in rates of population change ( r ranging from −1.04 to 0.71) in five species of dabbling ducks. Despite this annual variation, green‐winged teal Anas carolinensis , mallards Anas platyrhynchos , northern pintail Anas acuta , and northern shoveler Spatula clypeata showed no significant trends in population size over approximately 15 years in Mississippi and Arkansas, but gadwall Mareca strepera showed a 4% annual increase in the citizen science data for Mississippi. Despite substantial variation in annual abundance, the timing of peak abundance was remarkably consistent from year to year, with peaks typically occurring in January. Our results demonstrate that autumn–winter population numbers of dabbling ducks can be quite variable interannually, but they lack a consistent trend in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley during the past two decades. Going forward, investigation into how citizen science data could be leveraged to increase the precision of trends within this landscape might be of benefit, and sampling efforts could perhaps be added towards the latter portion of the wintering period. As populations continue to adjust in a changing world, maintaining monitoring surveys in regions important to waterfowl is an effective and important means of evaluating trends.

Nanoparticle delivery to tumors remains inefficient, with current nanomedicines achieving only 0.7% injected dose per gram (ID/g) of tumor tissue due to uncontrolled protein corona formation that redirects nanoparticles away from target sites. We engineered biomimetic protein coronas to control nanoparticle–protein interactions and enhance tumor targeting. Competitive binding studies using NMR spectroscopy revealed that transferrin (Tf) and fibronectin (Fn) outcompete albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) for 15 nm gold nanoparticle surfaces, establishing a binding hierarchy that enables predictable corona composition. Precoating nanoparticles with a four-protein combination (BSA+Tf+Fn+IgG) created coronas that achieved a balance between cancer cell uptake and reduced macrophage uptake in vitro. When administered to tumor-bearing mice, these engineered coronas achieved 13 ppm/g tumor accumulation (equivalent to 4% ID/g), representing 6.5-fold improvement over bare nanoparticles and 2.6-fold improvement over PEGylated formulations. Proteomics analysis of secondary coronas formed in human serum revealed that engineered nanoparticles selectively recruit transport and adhesion proteins while limiting immune recognition signatures. The preformed coronas maintained targeting protein retention and reduced complement binding compared to controls. Circular dichroism confirmed minimal protein structural perturbation, preserving receptor-binding functionality for active targeting. The strategy harnesses natural protein adsorption processes to create ″smart″ biological interfaces that simultaneously evade immune clearance and promote tumor cell recognition through transferrin receptor and integrin-mediated pathways. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of treating the corona as a programmable interface, addressing delivery limitations that have hindered clinical translation of cancer nanomedicines.

ABSTRACT How employees respond to organizational change is critical to the success of change initiatives. Scholars from diverse research communities have developed a wide range of theories to explain why some employees support while others resist organizational change. However, making sense of this theoretical diversity remains a key challenge for researchers aiming to advance both organizational change theory and practice across research communities. To address this challenge, we reviewed 215 empirical articles published between 1998 and 2024 in leading business administration journals. Through this review, we identified eight overarching theoretical themes that structure existing explanations: (1) motivational–attitudinal, (2) relational, (3) sensemaking and discourse, (4) work environment, (5) emotion, (6) morality and justice, (7) individual characteristics, and (8) learning. These themes provide a pluralistic map of the field's theoretical landscape, making visible the distinct perspectives, assumptions, and explanatory logics that characterize different research communities. Building on this framework, we outline how scholars can use our framework to advance research on change responses in five key areas: (a) refine theorizing within themes, (b) integrate across themes, (c) leverage new styles of theorizing, (d) extend theorizing on temporality, and (e) advance context‐sensitive theorizing. Finally, we elaborate on how the eight themes can be used in practice by change managers. In sum, this paper offers a foundation for pluralistic integration and advancing theory on employee responses to change across research communities.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and economic loss in North American cattle production. Cattle at high risk of BRD are often managed through antimicrobial metaphylaxis, although there are growing concerns regarding the use of antimicrobial drugs in food animals. To better understand host immunological responses to BRD and the effects of metaphylaxis, this study evaluated whole-blood gene expression patterns in high-risk stocker heifers using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Eighty-four commercial heifers were randomly assigned to receive metaphylaxis with tulathromycin (META) or no metaphylaxis (NO META) upon arrival. Cattle were monitored over a 70-day period for clinical BRD, with whole blood collected from a subset of 60 heifers across multiple timepoints in both cattle that developed (TREAT) or failed to develop BRD (HEALTHY) for RNA-Seq. Principal component and differential gene expression analyses (FDR ≤ 0.05) were conducted to explore transcriptomic differences associated with BRD diagnosis over time, metaphylactic treatment, and disease severity. Minimal differences in the transcriptome were observed between META and NO META cattle at the time of BRD diagnosis, while comparisons between HEALTHY and TREAT cattle at onset of clinical disease revealed greater than 2000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with significant functional enrichment of immune-related pathways, including cytokine signaling, lymphocyte activation, and inflammatory responses. Notably, five genes (IL1R2, HP, S100A9, TLR4, and ALOX15) were consistently up- or downregulated in BRD cases, regardless of study group allocation. These observations align with previous studies, which support their candidacy as useful biomarkers for BRD detection. Despite the significant changes observed at the onset of clinical BRD, no differences were identified among these animals at the start of the study. This inability to predict future disease development or severity may have been affected by the low morbidity rate observed in this cohort. Expression of genes coding for heat shock proteins at subsequent treatments suggested that these may be useful markers of disease persistence or severity. These findings suggest that while metaphylaxis reduces BRD incidence, host transcriptomic profiles at disease onset offer improved insight into BRD pathophysiology.

Abstract Investigating continuous daily streamflow from high-altitude snow- and glacier-fed catchments, based on both rainfall and snowmelt, is particularly challenging when climate records are limited. In this study, we compared the accuracy of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) hydrology model to perform a continuous simulation of rainfall and snowmelt runoff in the Gilgit River basin in Northern Pakistan under the current scenario and to translate it to potential future climate-change scenarios. We used European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ERA-Interim (ECMWF) daily temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration data, and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) daily solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity data to examine the efficiency of both models. Observed streamflow data for thirteen years (1990–2002) were used for calibration, and another 5 years (2003–2007) were used for model validation. Good agreement was obtained for simulated and observed streamflows for the annual snowmelt season in the calibration and validation period: (0.93, 0.23) and (0.75, 26.30) for HBV and (0.60, 34.26) and (0.74, 10.73) for SWAT [statistic is (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and difference in volume %)] respectively. Streamflow was projected using different precipitation and temperature scenarios under potential climate change. For temperature variations of -2 to + 4°C, HBV and SWAT showed annual streamflow variations of -16.92% to -6.6% and − 28.71% to -2.96%, respectively. The change in precipitation of -10% to + 20% showed a range of -6.65% to–13.3% in HBV and − 18.13% to–27.5% in SWAT, respectively. This study is among the first to evaluate and compare the performance of HBV and SWAT models over a data-scarce cryosphere catchment in Northern Pakistan relying solely on remotely sensed data, demonstrating the potential of HBV for operational use, thereby can be utilized as a baseline for the selection of appropriate hydrological models and datasets for the hydrologically peculiar catchments.