Missoula County Public Schools

Introduction Empirical research about therapy dogs on campus tends to focus on the impact of the therapy dogs on students. This novel study explored the impact of two therapy dogs, each handled by Police Officers of a mid-western campus in the United States. The explicit intention of the therapy dog program is to bridge relationships between students and the officers. The program had not yet been evaluated, which is the aim of this study. The aim of this paper was to explore why students enjoy engaging with the therapy dogs, where they prefer to visit them, and what they perceive as their benefit. Based on their responses, the final research question sought to identify if the handler being a police officer have an impact on student and campus community engagement with therapy dogs. Methods After completing a scoping literature review, a ten-question Qualtrics survey was administered to students, staff and faculty via campus e-news and flyers with a QR code distributed on campus. The survey was accessed 1391 times, and completed 1035 times; 796 students, 79 faculty, and 160 staff. Analysis included descriptive frequencies, thematic analysis, followed by a sentiment analysis using RoBERTa, and polarity of distribution. The survey questions are included for potential study replication. A case study is included in the discussion to highlight best practices for a Police Officer facilitated therapy dog campus program. Findings The findings are consistent with other studies which show a largely positive impact on stress reduction and mental health for those who interact with therapy dogs. There was a strong positive association with the campus therapy dogs. Respondents revealed that most of the time they visited the therapy dogs in common areas and in outside green spaces. Perceived benefits included relaxation in times of stress and a comforting reminder of home, which provided a sense of belonging on campus; the dogs strongly promoted a unified sense of joy across campus. Finally, the handlers were mentioned by respondents noting that they are aware and considering the role of the handler. Conclusion This study adds to the existing literature about positive impact of therapy dogs on campus, while filling gaps about who interacts with the dogs beyond students, where therapy dogs are effective on campus, and considerations for the role of the handler. Officers were an important factor in the respondents engagement with the therapy dogs, validating that there is importance to considering the role of who handles the dogs, and an opportunity for explicit engagement. By connecting with the police officers, as opposed to volunteer handlers, the program is intentionally building bridges between the officers and the campus community.

BackgroundThe increasing availability globally of building footprint datasets has brought new opportunities to support a geographic approach to health programme planning. This is particularly acute in settings with high disease burdens but limited geospatial data available to support targeted planning. The comparability of building footprint datasets has recently started to be explored, but the impact of utilising a particular dataset in analyses to support decision making for health programme planning has not been studied. In this study, we quantify the impact of utilising four different building footprint datasets in analyses to support health programme planning, with an example of malaria vector control initiatives in Zambia.MethodsUsing the example of planning indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns in Zambia, we identify priority locations for deployment of this intervention based on criteria related to the area, proximity and counts of building footprints per settlement. We apply the same criteria to four different building footprint datasets and quantify the count and geographic variability in the priority settlements that are identified.ResultsWe show that nationally the count of potential priority settlements for IRS varies by over 230% with different building footprint datasets, considering a minimum threshold of 25 sprayable buildings per settlement. Differences are most pronounced for rural settlements, indicating that the choice of dataset may bias the selection to include or exclude settlements, and consequently population groups, in some areas.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that the choice of building footprint dataset can have a considerable impact on the potential settlements identified for IRS, in terms of (i) their location and count, and (ii) the count of building footprints within priority settlements. The choice of dataset potentially has substantial implications for campaign planning, implementation and coverage assessment. Given the magnitude of the differences observed, further work should more broadly assess the sensitivity of health programme planning metrics to different building footprint datasets, and across a range of geographic contexts and health campaign types.

This six-volume assessment provides information on the current conditions of riparian, aquatic, and groundwater-dependent ecosystems on the Rogue River-Siskiyou, Klamath, Six Rivers, Shasta-Trinity, and Mendocino National Forests of southern Oregon and northern California. We used peer-reviewed literature and national and regional-level data from the forests and their partners to evaluate the status of several key ecosystem characteristics. These characteristics are distribution, hydrologic regimes, water quality, connectivity, instream habitat quality, and riparian reserve condition for four different stream habitats (permanently flowing fish-bearing, permanently flowing nonfish-bearing, seasonally flowing fish-bearing, seasonally flowing nonfish-bearing); lakes, ponds, and reservoirs; and rare and unique riparian and aquatic habitats. We determined that roads, altered fire regimes, and climate change were major stressors to riparian, aquatic, and groundwater-dependent ecosystems on the national forests. The relative impacts of these stressors and the resistance and resilience of the focal ecosystems differed across the Five Forests cohort. Altered fire regimes and impacts from drought and climate change appear to be most pronounced in the southern reaches of the study area and projected hydrologic impacts of climate change are expected to be significant throughout the Cascades. Our results support the ecosystem assessment completed during the forest plan revision process and can help inform decision making related to restoration and maintenance of riparian, aquatic, and groundwater-dependent ecosystems across the Five Forests.

Surgical removal of a vestibular schwannoma (vestibular schwannoma resection; VSR) results in a unilateral vestibular hypofunction with complaints of dizziness and imbalance. Although the anatomic lesion is permanent, recovery of balance and diminution of dizziness occurs through central neurophysiologic compensation. Compensation of the system is maintained through daily activity. Unfortunately, interruption of stimulus, such as decreased activities due to illness, can cause decompensation. Decompensation is described as the return of symptoms consistent with that experienced during the initial insult/injury (eg, dizziness, oscillopsia, balance difficulty). This case study describes a reoccurrence of vestibular dysfunction in a person with a history of VSR following hospitalization and protracted recovery from a COVID-19 infection. It further documents her recovery that may be a result of vestibular rehabilitation. A 49-year-old woman (M.W.) with a surgical history of VSR (10 years prior) and a medical history of significant COVID-19 infection, resulting in an intensive care unit stay and prolonged use of supplemental oxygen, presented to physical therapy with persistent dizziness and imbalance. The video head impulse test confirmed unilateral vestibular hypofunction. M.W. attended biweekly vestibular rehabilitation for 6 weeks and completed daily home exercises. At discharge, M.W. demonstrated improvements in patient-reported outcomes (Dizziness Handicap Inventory), functional testing (MiniBEST, 2-Minute Walk Test), and gaze stability measures (video head impulse testing, dynamic visual acuity). Vestibular decompensation preluded by a COVID-19 infection caused a significant decrease in functional mobility. Vestibular rehabilitation targeted at gaze and postural stability effectively reduced symptoms and facilitated recovery to M.W.'s pre-COVID-19 level of function. Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1 available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A458 ).

This article is the first in a series of "Legal Issues 101" topics addressing some common questions and misconceptions around the law and school health. In this article, the authors address frequently asked questions on topics related to the school nurse's role and their students' rights as it relates to the special education process, the individualized education program (IEP), and Section 504 Accommodation plans. Readers are encouraged to expand their knowledge on this multifaceted topic further using the resources and references provided within the article.

population (6).The genetic base is thus extremely narrow, and genomic erosion has been confirmed (7, 8).The average level of inbreeding is similar to the level found in the offspring of two full siblings (6).Inbreeding in this population has been shown to reduce litter size (4).Also, high frequencies of anatomical defects (9) and male reproductive disorders (10) have been observed.To make this population viable, population size and immigration must increase.So far, the population has been too small, and limited immigration followed by inbreeding could lead to extinction, similar to the Isle Royale wolf population (11).The goal should be to recreate a well-connected metapopulation spanning Scandinavia and Finland with a genetically effective population size of over 500,