Modibbo Adama University of Technology

The physicochemical analysis of the Wasai Dam area of Kano State was carried out using standard method. Concentration of metals and physiochemical parameters were determined from water, soil and plant from four sampling locations. Water, soil and plant samples were collected from each reservoir in four sampling locations during Rainy, Dry and Cold season. The result of the parameters; such as Dissolved Solid, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Total Dissolved Oxygen, Suspended Solid, Total Solid, Temperature, Turbidity, Colour Total Hardness, pH of water, pH of Soil, Conductivity of Soil, Conductivity of Water, Nitrite, Nitrate, Chloride and Phosphate; Mg/L 1.40-4.0, 2.0-3.3, 27.9-50.0, 30.0-44.5, 2.140-164, 48.0-190, 30-34, 125-142 NTU, 200-350 Hazen, 35.4-115, 7-8.8, 4.28-6.16, 522-772,60-90.6, 0.012-0.02, 8.4-24.5, 18.54-28.5 and 1.1-3.0. The result shows a spatial and temporal variation p>0.05 in all the sampling location. The value of pH in Water is 7-8.8Mg/L for Soil 4.28-6.16 Mg/L and Conductivity of Water 60-90.6 µscm-1, for soil is 552-772 µscm-1 it shows that soil has lower pH value and higher conductivity than water. The values obtained for all the parameters were found to be comparable to those reported by other researchers in similar environment and are within the acceptable limit set by WHO.

This study investigated Basic Science Process Skills (BSPS) acquisition as correlates of biology student teachers’ academic achievement in Federal Universities of North-East Nigeria. The study was motivated by persistent low performance in biology and the need to identify skill-based factors influencing academic success. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between observing, inferring, and measuring skills and students’ academic achievement. A correlational research design was adopted. The population comprised 4,289 biology student teachers, while a sample of 619 Part III students was selected. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from Bourdeau and Arnold (2009). The instrument was validated by experts. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach’s Alpha method, which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.877, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that biology student teachers possessed high levels of observing, inferring, and measuring science process skills. The results further showed significant positive relationships between each of these skills and academic achievement. This indicates that students with higher acquisition of basic science process skills tend to perform better academically. The study concludes that Basic Science Process Skills are important determinants of academic achievement among biology student teachers. It recommends that teacher education programmes should emphasize practical and inquiry-based teaching approaches to enhance students’ acquisition of these skills.

This chapter describes how fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) might enhance collaboration between government, business, and academic institutions. It demonstrates why cooperation in AI development entails ambiguity and conflicting viewpoints. Vague judgments are transformed into usable values with the use of fuzzy sets and triangular fuzzy numbers. Fuzzy numbers are used to assess various factors, including research strength, finance, policy flexibility, technology preparedness, and social impact. The shifting significance of each criterion for various partners is displayed by fuzzy weights. All viewpoints are combined into a single meaningful score using aggregation and defuzzification techniques. Fuzzy soft sets highlight areas of agreement and aid in identifying areas of disagreements between partners. Partners can select AI laboratories, internships, and ethical committees, as demonstrated by several cases. The chapter demonstrates how fuzzy models improve the clarity and fairness of collaborative judgments in AI development.

This study investigated the effect of supplementing cowpea flour with fonio millet flour on the functional, organoleptic, and nutritional properties of akara. Flour blends were analyzed for their pasting and functional properties, while the proximate composition, mineral content, and sensory qualities of the resulting akara were also evaluated. Pure cowpea flour (100%) served as the control and was substituted with fonio millet at varying ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 50%, 85%, and 100%). Pasting characteristics such as peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, setback, peak time, and pasting temperature ranged from 181–1314 RVU, 161–1253 RVU, 8–20 RVU, 292–2905 RVU, 107–1652 RVU, 4.4–6.9 min, and 83.1–87.3°C, respectively. Functional properties, including bulk density, swelling capacity, foam stability, foam capacity, oil and water absorption capacities, and least gelation capacity, showed variation across blends. Substitution with fonio millet increased protein, fat, fiber, and mineral content, while moisture and ash contents remained relatively stable. Sensory analysis revealed high acceptability for akara, particularly from the 90:10 cowpea to fonio millet blend. The findings demonstrate the potential for producing nutritionally enhanced akara using cowpea-fonio blends, thereby promoting local crop utilization and dietary diversity. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 15(2): 19-24, Dec 2025

The experiment was conducted on two experimental farms located in Ardo-Kola and Donga Local Government Areas of Taraba State Nigeria, from May to July 2024 cropping season. The experiment was a field trial conducted across the two Local Government Areas of Taraba State, where okra is grown in large quantities. The aim of the experiment is to evaluate the growth and yield parameters of the four varieties of okra, namely Doguwayarwuri, Yar-balle, Kumboso and Clemsom spineless grown in the two locations. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of four treatments replicate four times. Seeds were planted at a spacing of 50 cm (R XR) and 30 cm (P XP) and 3 seeds were planted per hole and later thinned to one seedling after germination. There were four rows with six plants per row and a total of 24 plants were accommodated in each plot. The area of each plot is 1.8 m x 2 m whereas the experimental area was 10.2 m x 13 m. Similarly, spacing of 50 cm in between blocks was maintained. To measure growth and yield parameters, four plants were selected, one from each row to study the different parameters. The four varieties of okra grown in both Ardo Kola and Donga showed high growth and yield parameters for the 2024 cropping season. The days to emergence was day 5 as the highest while day 4 was the lowest at two locations. For 50% flowering the lowest was at day 41 in Kumboso while the lowest was at day 37 in Yar-balle. Highest height was observed in Doguwa yarwuri with 98.2 cm. number of pods were observed more in Doguwayarwuri with 15 pods per plant compare to the other varieties. The number of seeds were higher in kumboso with 62.0 against 42.0 in Doguwayarwuri. The variety kumboso recorded the highest diameter of 5.50 cm compare with Doguwayarwuri with 2.80 cm as the lowest among the three varieties. Okra is an important vegetable in the study area as is been consume by most households in the study areas and also serve as a source of income for most households. Yield(tons/hac) is more in kumboso with 4.50 tons/hac. Farmers are encouraged to cultivate the kumboso variety is for the purpose of yield.

The study examined principals’ collaborative and conflict resolution leadership qualities as predictors of teachers’ job productivity in Senior Secondary Schools in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study three objectives, three research questions, and three null hypotheses. A predictive correlational research design was adopted. The population of the study comprised all principals and teachers in public post-basic schools across the five education zones of Adamawa State, out of which 873 respondents (202 principals and 671 teachers) were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Three adapted instruments titled “Principals’ Collaborative Leadership Quality Questionnaire (PCLQQ), Principals’ Conflict Resolution Leadership Quality Questionnaire (PCRLQQ) and Teachers’ Job Productivity Questionnaire (TJPQ)” were used for data collection. The three instruments yielded a reliability co-efficients of; 0.83, 0.91 and 0.76 for PCLQQ, PCRLQQ and TJPQ. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, while linear and multiple regressions were used to test hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The analysis showed that principals’ collaborative leadership quality (F(1,200) = 159.015, p < 0.05, R² = 0.443), and conflict resolution leadership quality (F(1,200) = 145.564, p < 0.05, R² = 0.421) significantly predicted teachers’ job productivity. the findings of the study reveal that principals’ leadership qualities—specifically collaboration, and conflict resolution—significantly predicted teachers’ productivity, F(2, 199) = 67.877, p < 0.05, with R = 0.761 and R² = 0.580. The finding revealed that two predictors—collaborative leadership quality (β = 0.170, p < 0.05), and conflict resolution leadership quality (β = 0.169, p < 0.05)—significantly predict teachers’ job productivity. This suggests that principals who prioritize professional development, collaboration, and effective conflict resolution considerably boost teachers’ job productivity. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that principals exhibited moderate to high levels of leadership qualities, particularly in collaboration and conflict resolution, both of which had a significant positive influence on teachers’ productivity. It was recommended that principals should promote teamwork and collaborative problem-solving among teachers through regular staff meetings, joint projects, and shared professional learning communities.