Mogilev State University of Food Technologies

Objective. To evaluate the possibility of ultrasound monitoring of optic nerve sheath diameter and blood flow velocity in cerebral arteries as predictors of craniocerebral trauma outcome. Materials and methods. 35 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were produced ultrasound monitoring of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and blood flow velocity (BFV) in the middle cerebral artery (AMC) before surgery and for 10 days after craniotomy. A comparative analysis of blood flow in the A MC and ONSD was carried out between groups of patients with a favorable (group 1) and unfavorable (group 2) outcome of TBI. Results. Between the groups of patients with different outcome`s TBI, significant differences were revealed in the diameter of the optic nerve sheaths at the preoperative period and in the diastolic blood flow velocity in the MCA on the 9th day after surgery. In group 1, the ONSD was 4.7 [4.5; 5.1] mm, and in group 2 – 5.6 [5.4; 6] mm, p=0.003. On the 9th day after surgery, BFV at diastole in group 1 was 43.9 [38.7; 49.4] cm/sec, in group 2 – 28.7 [24.8; 36.7] cm/sec, p = 0.001. For ONSD in the preoperative period as a predictor of unfavorable outcome of TBI AUC=0.83, Se=88.8%, Sp=61.2%. For diastolic BFV in the AMC on the 9th day after surgery – AUC = 0.84, Se=93%, Sp = 52 %. Conclusion. In patients with traumatic brain injury, ultrasound examination shows that the diameter of the optic membranes before surgery is ≥5.6 mm and the blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery in diastole ≤28.7 cm/sec can be considered as predictors of an unfavorable outcome of TBI.

Elevators are potentially dangerous objects and, despite the fairly high safety of modern elevators, which is regulated by industrial safety rules, State Standards and manufacturer’s instructions, the requirements for elevators are constantly becoming more stringent. According to clause 5.6.1.1 (b) and clause 5.6.6 of GOST [All-Union State Standard] 33984.1–2016, it is required to prevent overspeeding when moving the cabin in both directions (up and down). To meet this requirement, elevators can be equipped with two single-acting speed limiters, one of which activates single-acting safety devices located on the car, and the second on the elevator counterweight. However, this solution leads to duplication of the safety system (in addition to two speed limiters and safety catches, two tensioners, two speed limiter ropes and a double number of limit switches are additionally required). This can only be justified in cases where there are used premises under the pit of the elevator shaft, for example an underground parking lot. This paper discusses elevator safety devices that meet the new requirements of modern domestic and foreign standards (EN 81–20:2014): double-acting safety devices and speed limiters, a system for preventing unintentional movement of the car (counterweight). Catchers and a speed limiter are interconnected devices that prevent the cabin (counterweight) from falling in the event of a break or when the supporting ropes are weakened, and also stop the cabin (counterweight) if the speed is unacceptable. However, as practice has shown, cases of uncontrolled upward movements of the elevator and while the elevator is parked with open doors are possible. This leads to accidents and injuries to passengers. The proposed designs of the limiter and catcher allow this to be avoided. Recommendations are proposed for modernizing old elevators, and, as a result, increasing their level of safety.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НАНОРАЗМЕРНЫХ МОДИФИКАТОРОВ НА ПРОЦЕСС ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПОЛИАКРИЛОНИТРИЛЬНЫХ ВОЛОКОНЛ. А. ЩЕРБИНА + , И

Теміржол көлігінің жылжымалы құрамының тораптары мен агрегаттарын бұзбай бақылау және техникалық диагностикалау саласындағы алдыңғы зерттеулерге талдау жасалды. Діріл, акустикалық және термиялық бақылау сияқты әдістер қарастырылады. Әртүрлі анықтау және диагностикалау құралдарымен анықталуы мүмкін ақаулар белгілерін іске асыруды кластерлеу негізінде жоғары жылдамдықты теміржол көлігінің жай-күйін анықтау жүйесін Машиналық оқыту мүмкіндігі қарастырылды. Бұзбайтын бақылау және диагностикалық әдістерді бір-бірінен бөлек қолдану әрқашан орынды бола бермейтіні көрсетілген. Осындай автоматтандырылған анықтау кешендерінде қолдануға негізделген жоғары жылдамдықты теміржол көлігінің жылжымалы құрамының тораптары мен агрегаттарын, жоғары жылдамдықты теміржол көлігі жүйелерінің ақауларының жүздеген белгілерін анық емес кластерлеу алгоритмдері бар модельдерді анықтау нәтижелерін кешенді бағалау бойынша шешімдердің перспективалылығы негізделген. Выполнен анализ предшествующих исследований в области неразрушающего контроля и технического диагностирования узлов и агрегатов подвижного состава железнодорожного транспорта. Рассмотрены такие методы, как вибрационный, акустический и тепловой контроль. Рассмотрена возможность машинного обучения системы детектирования состояния высокоскоростного железнодорожного транспорта на основе кластеризации реализаций признаков неисправностей, которые могут быть выявлены разными средствами детектирования и диагностирования. Показано, что использование методов неразрушающего контроля и диагностирования отдельно друг от друга не всегда целесообразно. Обоснована перспективность решений, по комплексной оценке, результатов детектирования узлов и агрегатов подвижного состава высокоскоростного железнодорожного транспорта, основанных на применении в подобных автоматизированных комплексах детектирования, моделей с алгоритмами нечеткой кластеризации сотен признаков неисправностей систем высокоскоростного железнодорожного транспорта. The analysis of previous studies in the field of non-destructive testing and technical diagnostics of components and aggregates of railway rolling stock is carried out. Methods such as vibration, acoustic and thermal control are considered. The possibility of machine learning of a system for detecting the state of high-speed rail transport based on clustering of implementations of fault signs that can be detected by various means of detection and diagnosis is considered. It is shown that the use of methods of non-destructive testing and diagnostics separately from each other is not always advisable. The prospects of solutions for a comprehensive assessment of the results of detection of high-speed railway rolling stock units and aggregates based on the use of models with fuzzy clustering algorithms for hundreds of signs of malfunctions of high-speed railway transport systems in such automated detection complexes are substantiated.

У статті показано, що стихійність медіасоціалізації проявляється через такі особливості: 1) брак усвідомлюваної суб’єктом мети; 2) суперечливість усвідомлюваних індивідом завдань медіасоціалізації; 3) неоднорідність компетентностей, що набуваються; 4) залежність від специфіки локального інформаційного середовища; 5) взаємообумовленість із завданнями основної активності в офлайн-середовищі; 6) брак точних хронологічних рамок; 7) неоднозначність з’ясування параметрів медіасоціалізованої особистості. Стихійний процес медіасоціалізації не суперечить загальному керованому характеру медіаосвіти, а доповнює його, формуючи нове медійне середовище, новий тип суб’єкта освітнього простору. Найбільш перспективним напрямом у статті визначено інтеграцію практик стихійної медіасоціалізації в медіаосвітні програми, що дозволить ефективно використати природний процес розвитку медійної грамотності та систематизувати необхідні компетентності.

The development of the technology of viscous polymalt extracts using bare-grained oats will provide the population with a functional food ingredient and products with specified consumer properties. Existing techniques for the production of extracts did not affect the study of temperature conditions and the duration of the process at the mashing stage, using bare-grained oats in its composition. Crops of Belarusian breeding were used as raw materials: barley (H. vulgare), bare-grained oats (A. sativa), wheat (Tr. aestivum) grain. Optimization of parameters in the production of polymalt wort based on barley, oat and wheat malt was carried out by regression analysis and weight coefficients. Dependencies of physico-chemical indices of oat-malt and polymalt worts on temperature and duration of mashing are established. These dependencies predict content of dry substances, maltose, amine nitrogen, protein and acidity in the process of production of worts. Optimal technological parameters were selected at the stage of barley-wheat-oat polymalt wort mashing, which made it possible to increase the dry substances by 12.5%, maltose – by 21.3%, protein – by 16.2% and filtration rate – by 25.0%. The maximum solid content 14.4%, maltose 11.4 g·(100·сm-3)-1, protein 1.22%, in polymalt wort achieved under the following modes: (3 ±1)°C for 30 minutes, (44±1)°C for 50 minutes, (53±1)°C for 60 minutes, (63±1)°C for 50 minutes, (72±1)°C for 20 minutes and (78±1)°C for 60 minutes.

The article overviews dust collecting systems of heat technology installations at various enterprises. There have been developed new techniques and highly effective devices for purifying gases from dust on the basis of straight and countercurrent vortex flows. Experimental studies on hydrodynamics of breadboard models have been conducted to carry out effective methods of gas purification from solid particles. A two-stage system for dry cleaning gas from dust consisting of a cyclone at the first stage and either vortex or straight-flow dust collector at the second stage is suggested.

BackgroundLimited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data for Neisseria gonorrhoeae are available in Eastern Europe. We investigated AMR in N. gonorrhoeae isolates in the Republic of Belarus from 2009 to 2019, antimicrobial treatment recommended nationally, and treatment given to patients with gonorrhoea.MethodsN. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 522) cultured in three regions of Belarus in 2009–2019 were examined. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight antimicrobials was performed using Etest. Resistance breakpoints from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing were applied where available. A Nitrocefin test identified β-lactamase production. Gonorrhoea treatment for 1652 patients was also analysed. Statistical significance was determined by the Z-test, Fisher’s exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test with p-values of < 0.05 indicating significance.ResultsIn total, 27.8% of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 24.7% to ciprofloxacin, 7.0% to benzylpenicillin, 2.7% to cefixime, and 0.8% to azithromycin. No isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, or gentamicin. However, 14 (2.7%) isolates had a ceftriaxone MIC of 0.125 mg/L, exactly at the resistance breakpoint (MIC > 0.125 mg/L). Only one (0.2%) isolate, from 2013, produced β-lactamase. From 2009 to 2019, the levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were relatively high and stable. Resistance to cefixime was not identified before 2013 but peaked at 22.2% in 2017. Only sporadic isolates with resistance to azithromycin were found in 2009 (n = 1), 2012 (n = 1), and 2018–2019 (n = 2). Overall, 862 (52.2%) patients received first-line treatment according to national guidelines (ceftriaxone 1 g). However, 154 (9.3%) patients received a nationally recommended alternative treatment (cefixime 400 mg or ofloxacin 400 mg), and 636 (38.5%) were given non-recommended treatment.ConclusionsThe gonococcal resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was high, however, the resistance to azithromycin was low and no resistance to ceftriaxone was identified. Ceftriaxone 1 g can continuously be recommended as empiric first-line gonorrhoea therapy in Belarus. Fluoroquinolones should not be prescribed for treatment if susceptibility has not been confirmed by testing. Timely updating and high compliance with national evidence-based gonorrhoea treatment guidelines based on quality-assured AMR data are imperative. The need for continued, improved and enhanced surveillance of gonococcal AMR in Belarus is evident.