Mohammad Ali Jauhar University

ABSTRACT The significant increase in network users has driven the evolution of networking models like virtualization of the network and cloud computing, resulting in a significant increase in heterogeneous network traffic. Ensuring quality of service (QoS) for real‐time and latency‐sensitive traffic, such as audio conferencing, requires intelligent routing mechanisms that manage congestion and resource allocation effectively. Therefore, this paper proposes a multipath congestion‐aware routing based on the Aquila Wild Geese Optimization (AWGO) model for feasible and reliable data delivery for audio conferencing data in Software‐Defined Networking (SDN) environments. The proposed AWGO is a hybrid optimization approach that integrates the strong global exploration and fast exploitation capabilities of the Aquila Optimizer (AO) with the stability, robustness, and scalability of the Wild Geese Algorithm (WGA) for exploring and optimizing multiple routing paths. Here, an audio conferencing application‐based Software‐Defined Networking (SDN) simulation with OpenFlow is implemented, wherein audio conferencing data are considered as sensitive data. The multiobjective fitness function evaluates candidate paths based on residual energy, distance, link quality, delay, traffic bandwidth, congestion level, data priority, and throughput. A fault‐tolerance mechanism is further incorporated to ensure routing robustness under node failure conditions. The performance of the AWGO is evaluated under different traffic conditions including best effort traffic, sensitive traffic, and unwanted traffic. The AWGO demonstrates enhanced performance, achieving a maximum throughput of 430.71 Kbps, computation time of 9.408 s, bandwidth utilization of 96% under best effort traffic, minimum packet loss of 0.101% and delay of 0.087 ms with sensitive traffic, and a jitter of 5.938 ms for unwanted traffic. This demonstrates that the proposed AWGO model is an efficient and scalable solution for reliable data delivery in SDN.

Background: The common abdominal hernias include paraumbilical, umbilical, incisional and epigastric hernia. All varieties of ventral hernias are characterized by a defect in anterior abdominal wall. Incisional hernia is defined as a defect occurring through the operative scar. It is the only hernia considered to be truly iatrogenic. It occurs due to failure of the lines of closure of abdominal wall following laparotomy. Conventionally these hernias are treated by suture repair which has led to a substantial rate of recurrence whereby increasing demand for a better technique of repair. The introduction of mesh repair of these hernias has shown encouraging results over the past few years and many studies have shown a substantial decrease in the rate of recurrence with this technique. Objectives: To assess the early post-operative complications (within 30 days) following Intra peritoneal onlay mesh repair in Dhaka Medical Collage & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: This Observational study conducted in department of Surgery, DMCH, Dhaka in study period from June 2016 to May 2017. A total of 30 patients were purposively selected from department of Surgery in DMCH who underwent laparoscopic Intra peritoneal onlay mesh repair for ventral hernia. Patients with ventral hernia in department of Surgery, DMCH, Dhaka in study period. Data analysis was done by SPSS for windows version 21. The 30 days post-operative outcome was analyzed. Postoperatively, patients were observed for Post-operative pain, seroma, post-operative ileus, post- operative cellulitis, wound infection, mesh infection, mesh migration, early mesh failure. Patients were followed up on 7th, 15th and 30th post-operative day. Results: With the objectives to determine the early post-operative complications (within 30 days) following Intra peritoneal onlay mesh repair in department of surgery in DMCH, a total of 30 patients were purposively selected. It was found that more than half of the patients (55.3%) were 31-45 years age group. Only 13.8 % from younger age group (15-30 years). Rest of them are older (>46 years) group. Among the respondents most of the patients were female (65.1%). It was found that 36.66 % patient were with incisional hernia (81.6%) followed by para umbilical hernia (11.2%), only 2.6% were umbilical hernia. It also showed that all hernia cases were common after 30 years except umbilical hernia. Most of the cases in this study, hernia lesions were between 5-7 cm in size (73.7%). 13.8% were hernia with size of defect 8 cm and 12.5 % were hernia defect less than 5 cm. Most of the incisional and Para-umbilical lesions were between 5-7 cm sizes whereas epigastric hernia lesions were less than 5 cm size. Among all post-operative complications, seroma formation was highest in this study. In incisional hernia repair 23.38% patients develop seroma after operation, when post- operative seroma formation compared with different type of hernia repair, it found statistically significant in this study. 16% patients with incisional hernia had developed post-operative wound infection. Conclusion: Among the ventral abdominal hernia incisional and the para umbilical hernia constitute the most. In the repair of these hernias through laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair the most common early post-operative complications were seroma formation and wound infection in the form of superficial surgical site infection. Larger hernia required longer operative duration and associated with more post-operative complication. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2021) Vol. 25 (1) : 10-22

Indian festivals are vibrant expressions of cultural unity and spiritual tradition; however, they also lead to a significant rise in environmental issues, particularly noise pollution. This study investigates ambient noise levels during two major festivals-Durga Puja (2019–2023) and Deepawali (2023)-across selected urban locations in Guwahati City, Assam, namely Ganeshguri, Bharalumukh, Pandu, Panbazar, and Ulubari. The research is based entirely on secondary data sourced from the open-access records of the Pollution Control Board Assam (PCBA) and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods in Microsoft Excel. The findings indicate that noise levels consistently exceeded the permissible limits set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), especially during festival nights. Ganeshguri and Panbazar recorded the highest noise levels, with Lmax values during Deepawali reaching up to 121.9 dB(A), posing serious health hazards. Even quieter areas such as Pandu experienced a substantial rise in noise levels during festivals. The study highlights that sustained exposure to high-decibel noise can lead to hearing loss, cardiovascular problems, sleep disturbances, and psychological stress, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and patients.

The handicraft sector plays a pivotal role in rural India’s economy, providing substantial employment and income opportunities, and deeply influencing the social fabric of rural communities. This study investigates the challenges facing ethnic wooden doll craftsmen in Natungram, West Bengal, as they navigate the complexities of globalization. Traditional crafts, integral to the region's cultural heritage, are threatened by market competition, intellectual property infringement, and cultural homogenization. Through qualitative research and case studies, this article explores the struggles of Natungram's wooden doll artisans, including issues of economic sustainability, skill transmission, and cultural preservation. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, policy support, and collaborative initiatives to safeguard artisanal excellence and promote cultural diversity. This research contributes to the discourse on cultural sustainability, ethnic artisanal entrepreneurship, and globalization's impact on ethnic crafts.

Schizophrenia is one of the disorders that cause psychological, cognitive, and social changes among elderly. The chapter emphasizes the psychological factors, cognitive factors, and mulitimorbidities among elderly patients. There are many psychological factors that also affect their mental health and wellbeing, like aggression and chronic loneliness that cause clinical depression. Furthermore, this chapter highlights the cognitive factors like memory impairment, linguistic problems, attention and executive functioning. Moreover, it's a requirement of social engagement, family support system and cognitive restructuring can be beneficial along with drug therapy. Antipsychotic medicine helps them to decrease the level of their symptoms like hallucination, paranoia, and delirium; while psychosocial therapies, assertive community treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive remediation, and family psycho education also help to improve their functioning and over all mental health.

Abstract Mobile small cells enabled by Network Coding (NC) are seen as a viable solution for 5G networks that can span the urban environment by being put up on demand anywhere and at any time across any device. Despite the advantages that NC-enabled mobile small cells provide to the 5G of mobile networks, there are some security threats (due to their vulnerabilities) owing to pollution attacks, in which intermediate nodes are used to tamper with packets in transit. Due to these polluted packets Erroneous decoding will occur at the receivers end. Detecting the polluted packets in NC enabled mobile small cell is a challenging task. The proposed An Adaptable Variable Homomorphic MAC based Intrusion Detection System (AV-H-MAC-IDS) effectively detects the polluted packets in the NC-enabled small cell environment. This model consists of different stages like region –based node clustering, node registration, homomorphic key-pair generation, and pollution attack detection. This method analyses the data of each node in the network to check whether data is altered or not. Due to region based clusters, it can effectively identify the attacker and their neighbours. Next to detection, it labels the nodes such that the malicious nodes can be isolated in subsequent data transmissions. This approach not only detects polluted packets, but also identifies the attacker's location, so that future packet pollution can be avoided up to some extent. It has been demonstrated that the proposed model outperforms both the state-of-the-art models and the more conventional models in terms of detection accuracy and time complexity.

Background: This study looks into how nematodes change over time and how often they infect different crops in and around the Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh, India. These crops include tubers, roots, bulbous plants, and cole crops. Main Body: Nematodes, diminutive worm-like organisms, possess the potential to inflict substantial harm upon agricultural crops, resulting in yield reductions and significant economic repercussions for farmers. Grasping the extent and dynamics of nematode infestations is paramount in formulating effective management strategies. The survey will involve collecting soil and crop samples from various locations in the Bareilly district and neighboring regions. These samples will be analyzed using conventional techniques to identify and quantify nematode species. This will allow for the determination of infection rates in different crop categories. Conclusion: The findings will yield invaluable insights into nematode fauna dynamics, species diversity, and region-specific infection trends, thereby informing the development of precise control measures aimed at mitigating crop losses and fostering enhanced agricultural productivity.

ABSTRACT After the ingression of Vaishnavism in the two states of Assam and Manipur, several changes were observed in the social and cultural arena. Vaishnavism was not just a religion but became an integral part of the lives of the people of the two states. This paper examines how Vaishnavism influenced people and culture in the two states. How dance, drama and music play an active role in proselytising the Vaishnavite faith, and how they manifested differently in both the states. Consequently, Sattriya (pronounced as Xattriya) and Manipuri dances, belonging to the two states respectively, evolved as Indian Classical dance forms in the later years as products of Vaishnavism, retaining their value in ritual and performance.