Monroe County Community College

ABSTRACTThis study investigated special education teachers' experiences during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Through qualitative, semi‐structured interviews, 15 educators shared detailed reports of how efforts to reach students strained their mental health. They felt stressed due to frequently changing expectations and pressure to comply with federal special education regulations. The result was burnout and emotional exhaustion. Participants correctly predicted that students would develop behavioral and emotional problems post‐pandemic, and called for intensifying school‐based mental health services. The mental health challenges that they described resulted in teacher attrition and nationwide concerns about worsening student behavior problems.

Net ecosystem carbon balance is a comprehensive assessment of ecosystem function that can test restoration effectiveness. Coastal peatlands are globally important carbon sinks that are vulnerable to carbon loss with saltwater intrusion. It is uncertain how wetland carbon stocks and fluxes change during freshwater restoration following exposure to saltwater and elevated nutrients. We restored freshwater to sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) peat monoliths from freshwater marshes of the Everglades (Florida, U.S.A.) that had previously been exposed to elevated salinity (approximately9 ppt) and phosphorus (P) loading (1 g P m−2 year−1) in wetland mesocosms. We quantified changes in water and soil physicochemistry, plant and soil carbon and nutrient standing stocks, and net ecosystem productivity during restoration. Added freshwater immediately reduced porewater salinity from >8 to approximately 2 ppt, but elevated porewater dissolved organic carbon persisted. Above‐ and belowground biomass, leaf P concentrations, and instantaneous rates of gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) remained elevated from prior added P. Modeled monthly GEP and ER were higher in marshes with saltwater and P legacies, resulting in negative net ecosystem productivities that were up to 12× lower than controls. Leaf litter breakdown rates and litter P concentrations were 2× higher in marshes with legacies of added saltwater and P. Legacies of saltwater and P on carbon loss persisted despite freshwater restoration, but recovery was greatest for freshwater marshes exposed to saltwater alone. Our results suggest that restoration in nutrient‐limited freshwater wetlands exposed to saltwater intrusion and nutrient enrichment is a slow process.

Despite growing awareness of the high prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in community samples of adolescents, little work has examined the impact of ACEs on adolescence and well-being during this critical period of development. Much research has focused on retrospective reports of ACEs by adults and adult physical and mental health, finding that ACEs contribute to a range of diseases and mental health disorders in adulthood. This study examined differences in self-reported mental health, nonsuicidal self-injury, suicidality, violence, and substance use between adolescents without self-reported history of ACEs, youth with one self-reported ACE, and youth with self-reported multiple (2 or more) ACEs. The sample included 1,532 adolescents who completed the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey in their local high schools. By local consensus, this national survey was augmented with questions exploring prevalence of 11 commonly identified ACEs. After controlling for age, gender, and race, youth with multiple ACEs reported 3 to 15 times the odds of a range of negative health experiences. Findings indicate a serious burden of ACEs on adolescent social emotional well-being. This study did not include youth in out of school placements or who were not present the day the survey was given, and thus represent youth who may benefit from universal prevention and intervention programs. Universal screening of ACEs and health-related outcomes suggests that reporting multiple ACEs is strongly related to a wide range of mental health, violence, and substance use histories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The diffusion equation is related to the Schrödinger equation by analytic continuation. The formula E2=p2c2 + m2c4 leads to a relativistic Schrödinger equation, and analytic continuation yields a relativistic diffusion equation that involves fractional calculus. This paper develops stochastic models for relativistic diffusion and equivalent differential equations with no fractional derivatives. Connections to anomalous diffusion are also discussed, along with alternative models.

The linearly damped oscillator equation is considered with the damping term generalized to a Caputo fractional derivative. The order of the derivative being considered is 0 ≤ v ≤ 1. At the lower end (v = 0) the equation represents an undamped oscillator and at the upper end (v = 1) the ordinary linearly damped oscillator equation is recovered. A solution is found analytically, and a comparison with the ordinary linearly damped oscillator is made. It is found that there are nine distinct cases as opposed to the usual three for the ordinary equation (damped, over‐damped, and critically damped). For three of these cases it is shown that the frequency of oscillation actually increases with increasing damping order before eventually falling to the limiting value given by the ordinary damped oscillator equation. For the other six cases the behavior is as expected, the frequency of oscillation decreases with increasing order of the derivative (damping term).

The objective of this intervention study was to use teacher generated themes from a qualitative study to drive policy change at the school level. Originally, 13 elementary school teachers were recr...

A distributed order fractional diffusion equation is considered. Distributed order derivatives are fractional derivatives that have been integrated over the order of the derivative within a given range. In this paper, sub-diffusive cases are considered. That is, the order of the time derivative ranges from zero to one. The equation is solved for Dirichlet, Neumann and Cauchy boundary conditions. The time dependence for each of the three cases is found to be a functional of the diffusion parameter. This functional is shown to have decay properties. Upper and lower bounds are computed for the functional. Examples are also worked out for comparative decay rates.

A distributed order fractional diffusion equation is considered. Distributed order derivatives are fractional derivatives that have been integrated over the order of the derivative within a given range. In this paper sub-diffusive cases are considered. That is, the order of the time derivative ranges from zero to one. The equation is solved for Dirichlet, Neumann, and Cauchy boundary conditions. The time dependence for each of the three cases is found to be a functional of the diffusion parameter. This functional is shown to have decay properties. Upper and lower bounds are computed for the functional. Examples are also worked out for comparative decay rates.