Moscow Humanitarian Economic Institute

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the legislative and criminological aspects of combatting fraud at the international and national levels. For an effective study of the topic, it was vital to use terminological, hermeneutical, comparative and historical methods. The study covered the essence of fraud as a criminal offence, and identified and analysed the most widespread types of fraud. The study identified the key elements of the crime of fraud: deception, intent of the offender, transfer of property as a result of misrepresentation, mercenary motive and establishment of factual damage. The study found that the key feature that classifies fraud as a criminal offence is the existence of an intentional act. As a result of the study, the international regulatory framework was analysed, as well as the legislation of Kazakhstan and Singapore on combatting fraud. Furthermore, the criminal law and criminological aspects of combatting the crime of fraud were studied through the practices of Kazakhstan and Singapore. The study paid special attention to the need to ensure an effective and complete legal framework in the field of fraud prevention and the development of strong international cooperation on this matter. The study also emphasized the significance of raising public awareness of the fraud situation and conducting educational activities to inform the public about the potential risks.

The field of education today cannot develop as a closed system, without taking into account the request formulated by employers. The contradiction between the requirements of employers and the results provided by educational organizations is one of the reasons for the decline in the quality of training. It is obvious that the dialogue between the sphere of education and the sphere of work should be based on clear mutual obligations. In many countries, the National Qualifications System (hereinafter referred to as the NSC) is used as a tool that allows building such a dialogue. In our country, according to the 238-FZ “On the independent Assessment of Qualifications”, this is an independent assessment of qualifications, just its introduction into the employment relationship “employer – applicant” and leads to those serious changes in the field of education as a supplier of qualified personnel for the labor market. In this regard, the article attempts to assess the methodological impact of the process of implementing an independent assessment of qualifications on the field of higher education through the created interaction tools, which include professional standards and the procedure of professional and public accreditation, as a system for verifying the fulfillment of their requirements. After all, it is necessary to be able to correctly assess the degree of achievement of the requirements of professional standards when students master the relevant educational programs of the university, and to focus on achieving this goal the process of designing the educational trajectory of future graduates. Because it is from the competent fulfillment of this condition that in the end the demand for trained personnel in the labor market, and, therefore, the educational program itself, which is already beneficial to the educational organization, will hang.

An experiment is conducted to identify individual typological features of the user’s recognition of real and model electroencephalogram signals within the framework of tasks related to designing ergatic system simulators. During the experiment, psychological testing of the study participants is carried out. The following diagnosis methods are used: the Eysenck personality questionnaire, diagnostics of the leading perceptual modality, the Spielberg state-trait anxiety inventory, the Corsi block-tapping test for assessing working memory. The key test is passing a test in the original software form developed by the authors to identify the ability to distinguish a real encephalogram from an image generated by the programme. The analysis of correlation dependencies shows that the trial subjects who gave the best results at the training stage improve their performance at the experiment stage without feedback. Trial subjects with a leading auditory perceptual system give worse results at the experiment stage without feedback than subjects with leading visual and kinaesthetic perceptual systems. Trial subjects with a higher level of anxiety give out lower indicators during the experiment at both stages.

The article is written in memory of Ekaterina Konstantinovna Reva, a Russian media researcher, Doctor of Philological Sciences, recently deceased in March, 2023. She was the head of the Journalism Department at Penza State University (2014–2023), the author of more than 100 articles, 2 monographs, 9 books for students. Her colleagues and students remember her professional biography. The key areas of her works concerned ethnojournalism in Russian magazines Nana, Dagestan, Narody Dagestana, Dosh, Druzhba Narodov. The doctoral thesis by E. K. Reva is a systematical research of the national printed media at the turn of the XIX century studying the forms and methods of reflecting the national culture of the peoples of North Caucasus. These research interests have become the basis for attracting a number of students and post-graduate students to scientific activity by E. K. Reva. She also constantly kept the contact to the community of media researchers from Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Armenia. The authors of this article came to the conclusion about multifaceted and profound E. K. Reva’s contribution to the Russian science.

The purpose of this article is to study how the strategy of deconstruction is implemented in the film “Walkabout” (1971), created by British director and cameraman Nicholas Roeg. On the one hand, the film touches upon eternal philosophical questions, and with an arc — reflects the intellectual atmosphere of the time of its creation. “Walkabout” embodied the ideas of the French phi­losophers J. F. Lyotard and J. Derrida, with whom the form of post­modernism as a philosophical trend begins. The film presents phil­osophical ideas generated by modern capitalist society, such as the disintegration of identity, the decentralization of man in the world, disillusionment with scientific and technological progress and glo­balization of the world community, the collapse of traditional val­ues. The choice of location for filming reflects a trend characteris­tic of modern Western society — an increase in interest in exotic cultures and, especially, in their spiritual practices. The authors of the film use irony, hints, allegories and other favorite formalis­tic devices of postmodern thought. The film embodies postmodern ideas — the denial of identity as semantic and objective constancy, the decentering of the personality, as well as the delegitimization of the attitudes of classical culture based on the concepts of logo­centrism, phonocentrism, phallocentrism and criticism of Western rationalism. By deconstructing the rituals and values that underlie the social practices of representatives of modern and primitive cul­tures, the filmmakers reveal their difference, which is opposite to the rationalistic and mythological view of the world, and the similarity, which lies in the absolute absence of freedom in their lives. The ex­istence of representatives of these cultures is completely determined by factors external to their personalities. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that the filmmakers, using a rationalistic ap­proach and highly developed technology, without which it is impos­sible to create high-quality film, contribute to an understanding of the problems of modern culture. In addition, by going beyond the framework of postmodern thought, they tune the audience to certain life values, which are based on a synthesis of primitive solidarity and the technical achievements of modern civilization.

The article presents a forecast for the development of agriculture in the Chuvash Republic until 2022 according to three scenarios: optimistic, probabilistic and pessimistic. Agriculture occupies a special position in the region's economy and is a backbone industry. The share of agriculture in the gross regional product is 9%, which is noticeably higher than in other regions of the country, and the share of residents living in rural areas is 36.6%. Structurally, the agriculture of the Chuvash Republic is quite balanced. During the study period from 2010 to 2019 significant positive shifts in the industry can be noted. Thus, the production of basic agricultural products increased 1.93 times, and the gross harvest of basic agricultural crops increased 2.16 times. However, despite the positive trends, problem areas remain in certain areas. The production of basic livestock products during the study period decreased by 135.6 thousand tons; the fleet of basic types of equipment in agricultural organizations decreased by 1.97 times; livestock population decreased by 147.3 thousand heads. In order to predict future changes in the industry, the authors, based on the dynamics of indicators for 2010–2019, characterizing agricultural production in the Chuvash Republic, and using the Excel program, proposed three options for the development of the situation for 2020–2022. As studies have shown, pessimistic and probabilistic scenarios of sustainable functioning are more likely to be implemented, which requires immediate corrective measures for effective management of the industry, in particular, in particular, by creating a single “Chuvash Center for the Development of Rural Areas”.KeywordsAgricultural productionForecastingSustainable functioningEffective industry managementAgricultureChuvash rural development center

Background. The article deals with the psychological features of adaptation in first-year university students. The main criteria indicating successful or failed adaptation are highlighted. The study was based on the concept describing human adaptation to changing environmental conditions as a dynamic process, as well as on psychological approaches that reveal the specific aspects of adaptation within the system of complex social relations of a new type. Aim. The article aims to study the features of adaptation in first-year university students through psychodiagnostics for the possibility of compensating negative trends in adaptation to new living conditions. Material and methods. The specificity of the response to educational conditions and students’ adaptation was determined by means of psychodiagnostics of subjective well-being, communicative tolerance, motivation for studying at University, moral normativity of behavior and neuropsychic stability. The sample consisted of students of technical and humanitarian specialties (n =284) aged from 17 to 21 years. Results. A number of important regularities have been established, the main of which are high communicative tolerance, orientation to compliance with the rules, intermediate type of motivation for studying, as well as differences in the severity of the studied characteristics in students, males and females. Conclusion. Adaptation to the components of university environment by first-year students is possible with the activation of all adaptation mechanisms. The nature of adaptation can be assessed through observation of students’ behavior in the team, as well as through the diagnosis of emotional experience, nervous tension, subjective well-being and communicative characteristics, which creates the basis for psychological and pedagogical support of young professionals.