Moscow State Agroengineering University named after V.P. Goryachkin

Relevance. The aim of our work was to create initial material for the breeding of F1 hybrids of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) with resistance to downy mildew. Materials and Methods . To achieve this goal, interspecific hybridization was carried out using A. roylei (donor of the dominant resistance gene Pd1) and A. galanthum (donor of the Ga-type cytoplasm inducing CMS), followed by backcrossing with A. fistulosum (cultivar 'Ishikura' and self-pollinated lines from the 'Katana F1' hybrid). Pollen fertility was assessed using the acetocarmine staining method, calculating the proportion of stained grains in three fields of view. Evaluation of resistance/susceptibility of the obtained populations was conducted under an artificial infection background (inoculum of the pathogen Peronospora destructor at a concentration of 106 spores/ml), as well as using the molecular SCAR marker DMR1. Results . It was found that first-generation hybrids (A. roylei × A. fistulosum) and (A. galanthum × A. fistulosum) are characterized by extremely low pollen fertility (17.9% and 14.9%, respectively), caused by meiotic disturbances during distant hybridization. However, a single backcross of the hybrid (A. roylei × A. fistulosum) with A. fistulosum led to a complete restoration of male fertility in the BC1 population, where the average fertility was 95.4%. Phenotypic analysis under the artificial infection background revealed an absence of downy mildew symptoms in all plants of the BC1 and its populations containing genetic material from A. roylei, which does not correspond to the expected monogenic dominant segregation. At the same time, PCR analysis with the DMR1 marker demonstrated the amplification of non-specific fragments (350, 490, and 580 bp) in BC1 plants, indicating structural rearrangements in the introgression region of the Pd1 gene. The study demonstrated the possibility of transferring the CMS-inducing factor from A. galanthum and the Pd1 resistance gene from Allium roylei into the genome of Welsh onion. The obtained BC populations represent valuable material for the breeding of heterotic Welsh onion hybrids resistant to downy mildew.

Audit plays a key role in ensuring the reliability of financial information and strengthening trust in Russian business. However, the Russian audit services market faces systemic problems: monopolization of self-regulation, insufficient independence of control procedures, dominance of former Big Four network firms, personnel shortages, difficulties in implementing international standards, and threats of confidential information leaks. The article examines the causes of problems in Russian auditing and proposes directions for reform. The author argues for the necessity of moving from formal tightening of control to systemic modernization of audit methodology, the development of competition, and the strengthening of the professional community.

The accounting of medicines in healthcare organizations depends on the method of their receipt in medical and preventive institutions and the reasons for their write-off. In public healthcare organizations, medicines can be received from pharmacy services or directly from suppliers, and the documentation of such transactions has its own nuances. Medicines are usually disposed of for medical purposes or due to their recognition as unusable. All of these numerous transactions have their own specific accounting requirements and procedures, which are regulated by relevant regulations.

The paper examines the theoretical foundations of regulation of the agricultural and food market and studies the role of the state in this area. The article considers how the balance in the agricultural market of the Central and Far Eastern Federal Districts could be with a reduction in the impact of non-market forces from 100% satisfaction of the population's need for basic foodstuffs to almost complete removal of control. This study is based on a spatial partial equilibrium model applied to wholesale markets for agricultural products in the regions of Russia. The model was developed at the All-Russian Institute of Agrarian Problems and Informatics named after A.A. Nikonov – a branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Areas – All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Economics. The model includes various scenarios that differ in the values of the recommended food consumption standards included in the calculations. The simulation gives reliable results provided that, in addition to reducing the permissible level of consumption, all other factors remain unchanged. Based on the identified trends, it is concluded that only a slight weakening of non-market forces can have a positive impact on the situation in the agricultural market of the region. The main results that may arise from such mitigation are indicated.

Spring rapeseed is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide. Currently, one rapeseed development cycle takes about five to six months. Shortening the growing season can significantly reduce the growing period and speed up the realization of breeding and research projects. This could allow up to four generations of rapeseed instead of two or three under greenhouse conditions. Our research was conducted in 2023–2024 in a two-section climatic chamber developed at Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. The aim of the study was to study the effect of accelerating the growing season of rape by increasing the photoperiod and using different spectral composition of light. The experiment was conducted in 4 variants: Variant 1(22/2 RB) — photoperiod 22 h day / 2 h night and spectral composition R:40/B:60 (red-blue spectrum only); Variant 2 (22/2 FS) — photoperiod 22 h day / 2 h night and full spectrum FS (UV0.5: B37: G6.5: Y3: R49: FR4); Variant 3 (16/8 RB) — photoperiod 16 h / 8 h night and spectral composition R:40/B:60 (red-blue spectrum only); Variant 4 (16/8 FS) (control) — photoperiod 16 h day / 8 h night and full spectrum (UV0.5: B37: G6.5: Y3: R49: FR4). We achieved a reduction in growing season by 14 days using an extended photoperiod (22-hour daylight hours) and full spectrum radiation (UV0.5: B37: G6.5: Y3: R49: FR4). It was found that variants 1 and 2 used in the experiment could be used to obtain rape seeds of proper quality. The best was variant 2–22/2 FS using 22 hour daylight hours and full spectrum radiation (UV0.5: B37: G6.5: Y3: R49: FR4).

Relevance . The breeding of Holstein cattle has revealed problems: reduced reproductive function and shorter productive longevity, often associated with metabolic disorders due to poor diet balance and high productivity. Studying the possibility of long-term productive use of Holstein cows in the region is relevant for improving dairy farming efficiency. The aim was to evaluate the variability of dairy characteristics of cows depending on lactation duration. Methods. The study object was cows that completed lactation, grouped by lactation number. Data from the IAC “SELEX-Dairy Cattle” database and own research were used. Herd structure was studied, average milk yield per lactation was established. Productivity was monitored via control milkings. The coefficient of variation was calculated. Results . The main part of the herd (44.8%) consists of 1st and 2nd lactation cows. Productivity stabilizes from the 3rd to the 6th lactation. The difference between minimum and maximum milk yield exceeds 200%. The coefficient of variation for milk yield (>10%) indicates herd heterogeneity, especially among 1st and 8th lactation cows, due to the mass introduction of replacement heifers without selection. Fat and protein content indicators are stable, their coefficients of variation are within normal limits. Holstein cows can be effectively used up to the 6th–7th lactation. To improve herd uniformity, it is necessary to optimize the selection of replacement young stock.

Introduction . The study is dedicated to addressing the systemic personnel shortage in nuclear medicine, which is caused by interdisciplinary fragmentation, a lack of unified educational standards, and misaligned professional pathways. Aim . The present research aimed to identify systemic issues in personnel training and to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations of an integrative model for continuous education within this industry. Methodology and research methods . Methodologically, this research is grounded in contextual and integrative approaches. An analysis of contemporary scientific literature and regulatory legal documents was undertaken. Methods employed include comparative analysis of educational programmes in medical and technical universities, systematisation of professional competencies, and identification of methodological and organisational-pedagogical barriers within the framework of networked interaction between educational and clinical institutions. Results . The issue of outdated professional and educational standards that fail to adequately meet the needs of the industry has been identified. The disciplinary divide between the medical and engineering-physics approaches to training personnel for nuclear medicine results in differing interpretations of its core principles and impedes interprofessional communication. Organisational and pedagogical barriers include the lack of integration of clinical practice within engineering education and the limited scope of radiochemistry programmes. Scientific novelty . The scientific novelty lies in the detailed identification of the interdisciplinary gap in training personnel for complex industries and the justification for the necessity of integrative pedagogical models based on the principles of continuity and a contextual approach. Practical significance . The practical significance resides in the potential application of these findings to develop an interdepartmental plan for modernising the personnel training system, aimed at addressing the industry’s staffing requirements and ensuring its technological sovereignty.

This study investigated the reproductive performance of Bufotes boulengeri . The material analyzed consisted of egg clutches obtained under laboratory conditions from toads of varying ages, ranging from 2 to 7 years. The mean fecundity of female Boulenger's toads was determined to be 2489.4 ± 152.9 eggs (range: 484-4816). The highest fecundity was recorded for 4-year-old females, averaging 3507.6 ± 272.9 eggs. The period of high reproductive activity appears to be between 3 and 6 years of age, after which fecundity declines. Although the egg diameter and egg string width showed variation, no clear age-related trends could be established for these parameters.

This paper explores a novel approach to university education, driven by the increasing technological sophistication and modernization of the educational process in higher education, as well as the need to address objectives set forth by the Priority-2030 project. It is recognized that mastering modern biotechnologies is impossible without proficiency in English, the primary language of international science. However, traditional education often segregates "language" and "disciplinary content." The proposed approach bridges this gap by integrating the study of biotechnological systems through English for Specific Purposes. This method is expected to foster a deep understanding of contemporary biotechnological processes. Digitalization of higher education, along with the imperative to develop the creative potential of each learner, has prompted a search for innovative teaching formats, methodological approaches, and cost-effective solutions to achieve project objectives. Considering that trainees choose educational programs based on their interests and abilities, their professional training and acquired skills should be tailored to individual needs while simultaneously meeting labor market demands and future employment opportunities. The authors aim to substantiate the use of this new concept, outlining the theoretical foundations underpinning the proposed approach, describing its advantages, providing examples of new-format assignments, and demonstrating its economic viability for implementation in an agricultural university. The results of the pilot phase of the experiment, involving 28 students, are presented, showcasing its effectiveness both in achieving educational objectives and enhancing the competitiveness of future graduates in the labor market.

This study examines the implementation of modern operational management tools in pharmaceutical analytical laboratories to improve their efficiency in the face of stringent regulatory requirements and global competition. The authors substantiate the feasibility of adapting lean manufacturing tools, particularly the Kanban system, to optimize workflow and documentation. They also examine the role of Kanban methodology as an adaptive visual management tool. Key Kanban principles (flow visualization, limiting work in progress, and flow management) are systematized, as well as their evolution from solving logistics problems in production to managing complex laboratory processes. The study includes a review of successful cases, analyzing international and domestic experience with Kanban and related digital systems (LIMS) in quality control and development laboratories, confirming their effectiveness in reducing order lead times, increasing throughput, reducing errors, and enhancing transparency. The importance of integrating this approach with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) requirements and data integrity principles (ALCOA+) is highlighted. Based on the conducted analysis, practical recommendations for designing and implementing a Kanban system in an operational laboratory are developed.