Moscow State Industrial University

The phosphates A2Zr1.5Mg0.5(PO4)3 (A = K, Rb, Cs) with a langbeinite structure are of interest as environmentally stable crystalline forms for radwaste immobilization. The phosphates were obtained by the sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). The enthalpies of drop-solution in a sodium molybdate melt (3Na2O⋅4MoO3) at 973 K were measured by high-temperature calorimetry. The standard enthalpies of formation from oxides (∆f,oxH°) and elements (∆f,elH°) at 298.15 K were calculated from the obtained experimental data. The energy stabilization of the zirconium–magnesium framework in a series of alkali cations was analyzed.

The article examines the legal status of the commissions of the State Council of the Russian Federation and their role in ensuring the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the functionality of the commissions, their interaction with other public authorities, as well as the impact on the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of strategic planning and socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, the legal force of decisions of the commissions and their feasibility. Particular attention is paid to the legal aspects of the activities of the commissions, their legal status and mechanisms of interaction with the unified system of public authority. In addition, successful practices are studied, and problems encountered by the commissions in the process of functioning are identified. The article includes recommendations for optimizing the work of the commissions, which can potentially contribute to more effective achievement of the goals of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, including the achievement of national development goals of the Russian Federation.

As leis patrimoniais da União e as normas contábeis públicas exigem a avaliação técnica dos bens imóveis cadastrados no sistema da Secretaria do Patrimônio da União (SPU) para atualizar o Balanço Geral da União (BGU). Essa obrigação representa um desafio significativo para a SPU, responsável pelo Sistema de Gerenciamento de Imóveis de Uso Especial (SPIUnet), vital para o Sistema Integrado de Administração Financeira (SIAFI). Embora obter o valor de mercado de certos imóveis seja custoso para o setor público, essa informação muitas vezes não reflete efetivamente o valor dos imóveis, limitando sua utilidade. Este documento sugere uma análise comparativa entre o valor de mercado e o valor de referência adotado pela SPU, seguida de uma nova abordagem que considera as competências das unidades gestoras para uma gestão mais eficaz dos valores dos imóveis públicos no BGU.

Thermal energy is one of the main sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. To fulfill Russia’s obligations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris Climate Agreement, it is planned to focus in the energy sector on the development and implementation of cleaner technologies for the use of energy fuels, hydrogen and hydrogen-containing mixtures, the decommissioning of obsolete equipment, and the accelerated introduction of new efficient energy plants. As part of the study, an assessment was made of the real possibilities of decarbonization of the Russian heat and power industry through the implementation of priority measures provided for in the Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of Russia with Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions until 2050. For this purpose, a comparison was made of the carbon intensity of various technologies for generating electrical and thermal energy, taking into account the type of thermal power engineering enterprises and the efficiency of power steam turbine, gas turbine, and combined-cycle gas plants burning various types of fuel. Possibilities for reducing CO2 emissions were assessed due to improving the quality of solid fuel, the transition from burning coal to burning natural gas, the introduction of combined-cycle gas plants, increasing the efficiency of power plants, decommissioning obsolete equipment, and the use of hydrogen-containing gases and pure hydrogen as fuel.

The article is devoted to an analysis of the role of chemical technology in the development of the concept of best available techniques and the features of its practical application in the development and updating of BAT Reference Documents, as well as their use for the purposes of environmental and technological industrial regulation. The evolution of the concept of best available techniques is briefly described, and its basic principles are outlined, in the substantiation of which leading Russian scientists took part. It has been shown that the best avaiulable techniques are aimed at resource and energy efficiency enhancement and negative environmental impact reduction. An analysis of the main trends in the development of mineral fertilizer production technologies is presented. The paper presents BAT-associated emission levels, resource efficeincy parameters, and cardon intensity indicators for the best available and perspective techniques. It is emphasized that chemical technologies play a key role in reducing the negative impact on the environment in various industries; projects for cleaning exhaust gases from sulfur oxides developed for metallurgical enterprises are analyzed. The article presents the views of an international group of authors on the prospects for improving the concept of best available techniques and expanding the practice of its application in the Russian Federation and abroad.

A physical-mathematical model of natural gas flow in methane-containing coal seams based on the concept of interaction of geomechanical and gas-dynamic factors in coal degassing process. Methane flow calculation is performed, and it is found that the cause of the decrease in the methane yield is the increase in stresses around producing wells, the change in the occlusion pressure of gas in cracks and pores, as well as the piezoconductivity of rock mass.

Using the life cycle assessment methodology, this article analyzes the potential for developing a responsible production process for mineral fertilizers. By way of an example, the composition of the production facilities at a vertically integrated company is considered, and the main factors that negatively affect on the atmospheric air, waterbodies, and soils are identified. Based on the analysis of the best available and promising technologies, the main ways to mitigate the negative impact on the environment, human health, and natural resources are defined. It is concluded that the application of product life cycle assessment approaches makes it possible to identify priority environmental aspects at each stage and take them into consideration when developing and implementing programs to improve the resource and energy efficiency, as well as environmental performance of product production and consumption.

The paper analyzes the process of spreading Orthodoxy among the Kalmyks at the end of the 17th – the first half of the 18th century and their resettlement in the city of Stavropol, specially founded for these purposes. It is argued that the resettlement of Kalmyks to new lands and their Christianization was a matter of state policy, which was distinguished by flexibility and pragmatism. It was carried out taking into account internal and external factors. Great importance was attached to the baptism of the Kalmyk elite resulting in the creation among them of a pro-government-minded elite. Influencing their fellow tribesmen, the elite was to become a pillar in the policy of Christianization. The study focuses on activity of state and church leaders who contributed to this process: V. N. Tatishchev, A. P. Volynsky, A. I. Rumyantsev, I. K. Kirillov, A. I. Zmeyev and others. When laying Stavropol, they were guided by the need to protect Russia from the raids of the Bashkirs: the fortress occupied a middle place between the Zakamsky and Orenburg fortifications. The city had good prospects of development, thanks to its favorable geographical position on a main waterway of Russia. The benefits received at baptism attracted a significant number of Kalmyks, but among them were many who did not accept Christianity at a deep spiritual level, continuing to follow their usual faith, most adapted to nomadic lifestyle. The new faith took root with difficulty. From the very beginning, Stavropol was built as a multinational city, since it was decided to settle Russian peasants, merchants and commoners next to the Kalmyks, so that the Kalmyks would learn, looking at them, to a settled way of life and tillage. In December 1738, the founder of Stavropol, V. N. Tatishchev, together with his first commandant, Colonel A. I. Zmeyev, went to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs with a proposal to allocate lands to the Kalmyks, to endow the poorest of them with horses, to arrange schools and hospitals. Settlement, enlightenment, health care, together with Christianization, were seen as mechanisms for turning the population of the colonized imperial outskirts, including the Kalmyks, onto a path of social and cultural modernization common to all of Russia. It is convincingly proved that the government's policy regarding the transfer of the Kalmyks to a settled way of life failed, because the traditions and habits of the nomads were too deep. Thus, the Christianization of the Kalmyks was of a rather formal nature, since they remained faithful to the former faith, facts of dual faith included.

A review of the literature dedicated to the economic aspects of drug and surgical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is presented in the article. Currently, symptomatic therapy, which usually leads to an increase in the financial costs associated with the complications and surgical treatment, is most commonly used. The pathogenetic treatment of BPH (5-alpha reductase inhibitors), including combination therapy, requires an increase in costs, but it is also considered the most cost-effective approach. Despite the continuous growing of therapeutic armamentarium, the surgical treatment is still relevant and holds an important place. A lot of studies have shown that open procedures are inferior to endoscopic and minimally invasive interventions by both clinical and cost-effective results. At the same time, transurethral interventions on the prostate does not exclude economic losses due to the necessity of expensive laser technologies and the development of complications in the early postoperative period. Thus, currently, the best treatment option should be chosen not only on individual basis, but also depending on economic aspects based on a balanced medical and economic analysis of each treatment method.