Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography

One of the most important tasks of modern physical geodesy is to determine a high-frequency part of the Earth’s gravity field (EGF), which inevitably depends on the individual characteristics of a particular computational area. The author investigates the practical aspects of a relatively new theory for modeling the said part of the EGF in a local area, using a series of special spherical functions ensuring local orthogonality. With the global gravitational model EGM2008 as input information, we aim to construct a local analytical one for the high-frequency component of the EGF in the Republic of Burundi territory. To overcome the main technical difficulty, the problem of solving rank-deficient systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAE), special regularization techniques are employed. The developed algorithm generalizes the classical global spherical harmonic analysis (GSHA) and is treated as one of the preferred alternative methods of regional modeling. It enables representing fields with high spatial resolution using a much smaller number of parameters rather than the classical GSHA. Compared with other possible methods of regional analysis, the advantage of the LSGA is ultimate provision of a solution, not only analytical, but also meeting the Laplace differential equation, which, as we know, is fundamentally important in many problems of geophysics in general and physical geodesy in particular

Recommendations for optimizing the angular field structure of faceted optoelectronic systems are presented. It is shown that the faceted structure of the angular field makes it possible to change the angular direction of the facets, to sample objects in space with overlapping adjacent angular fields of the facets, thereby making it possible to increase the spatial resolution of the optoelectronic system, increase the entrance pupil of the optical system, realize a variable (spatially variable) angular field resolution of the system, and reduce the amount of information transmitted. and, accordingly, increase the image transfer rate. Mathematical expressions defining the energy relations for image characteristics in faceted optical systems and the information capacity of the image are obtained. Examples of faceted optoelectronic systems are given.

Evaluation of the clinical and economic effectiveness of digital navigation template technology is becoming particularly important due to the growing popularity of minimally invasive methods in dentistry. This technology is highly accurate, reduces surgery time, and accelerates patient recovery. In conditions of limited healthcare funding, both clinical outcomes and economic indicators must be taken into account. Analyzing the effectiveness of using this technology within budget constraints allows you to make informed decisions in the field of healthcare management and improve the quality of medical services provided. Aim. To develop and test a methodology for assessing the clinical and economic effectiveness of digital navigation template technology for evidence-based justification of the expediency of its use in dental practice. Materials and methods. To assess the clinical and economic effectiveness of digital navigation template technology, data from real clinical practice was used. Two groups of patients were compared: one group was treated using digital navigation templates, the other without them. The data was processed using statistical methods to determine the significance of the differences between the groups. Results. The results showed that digital navigation template technology demonstrates better clinical outcomes and lower economic costs compared to the traditional approach. Conclusion. The evaluation of the clinical and economic effectiveness of digital navigation templates shows their positive impact on clinical outcomes by reducing the duration of treatment procedures and increasing the capacity of clinics without increasing the number of jobs. The results obtained emphasize the usefulness of using this technology in dentistry, as it reduces the duration of treatment, increases profitability and improves the quality of medical services, providing greater comfort to patients and improving the overall standard of living of consumers.

The paper presents the results of geomorphological stationary works in the downstream of the Oka River bend near the “Kostino” village, center of the European part of Russia. Field observations of bank erosion rates at this survey site indicate an annual retreat of 1.67 m of the subaerial part of the bank. During two years of monitoring, spring floods completely flooded the stationary. In 2023, the maximum discharge of the Oka River was approximately 4700 m3/s and exceeded 2022’s value by 62%. We used unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and obtained high-resolution surface rasters and calculated linear, area and three-dimensional erosion rates. The relief response to increased flood energy in the second year of observations was expressed in almost twofold acceleration of bank failure (by 95%). The concave bank sections, composed of sand and sandy loam, have undergone particularly intensive erosion in a number of places, which is confirmed by our monitoring of the channel bed. By surveying by season of the hydrological year, we found that subaerial bank erosion does not stop in summer and autumn, although it only reaches 20% of the full-year volume.

The article discusses the use of storytelling as an effective method in teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL). The main attention is paid to the communicative potential of this approach, which helps improve language skills and intercultural communication among foreign students. The understanding of storytelling in the theory and methodology of teaching is highlighted. Its features in Russian linguodidactics are emphasized. The mechanisms involved in storytelling are described. Examples of the practical use of storytelling in teaching one of the types of speech activity: writing are given. The possibilities of storytelling in the formation of creative writing skills are analyzed. The importance of integrating narrative elements into the process of teaching RFL is emphasized in order to achieve deeper and more sustainable knowledge. It is argued that storytelling can be attributed to the methods that allow us to talk about the variability of teaching RFL.

The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) is assessed using digital soil mapping (DSM) methods, where remote sensing data serve as a key factor. Although soil maps provide valuable information, they are not frequently employed as predictors in soil modelling. This study explored and compared the utilisation of a multi-temporal mosaic of Sentinel-2 (S2) data, in combination with a conventional soil map, for SOC mapping in Chernozem soils of the forest-steppe zone. We implemented two algorithms to estimate SOC content in topsoil (0-30 cm) under several scenarios. As initial predictive covariates, we used a temporal mosaic of S2 bare soil spectra and a large-scale soil type map. We first implemented either partial least square regression (PLSR) or random forest (RF) to predict SOC from S2-derived bare soil spectral responses. Using solely the bare soil temporal mosaic spectra, PLSR proved more effective than RF to predict SOC. The PLSR-derived map of SOC predictions was then combined with the soil type map using RF. This latter combination led to the best SOC prediction performance and least uncertainty. Our findings indicate that integrating a soil map into a remote-sensing-based DSM prediction of SOC yields benefits in SOC mapping compared to using solely remote sensing or soil map data.

The article examines the problems of detecting the contamination of agricultural lands with invasive plants using the example of Sosnowskyi's hogweed. The use of remote sensing methods is proposed, on the basis of which it is possible to build cartographic models for the protection of agricultural lands from invasive plants of various natural zones of the European part of Russia. The article substantiates the position that the optimal application of the method helps to solve the problem of controlling the distribution sites of hogweed and providing cartographic data on of Sosnowskyi's hogweed to the required territory. As a result of the study, the possibility of using this method was confirmed, which most fully displays the group of the mapping object in binary image format, and possible methods to improve the results. It is determined that the binary image format makes it possible to use the automation process in thematic mapping to protect agricultural land from invasive plants of various species, including of Sosnowskyi's hogweed, and to ensure environmentally sustainable agriculture.

Abstract. In case to ensure the development of urban areas, it is necessary to create and promptly update spatial data, which are primarily created using aerial photography. With the development of unmanned aerial systems, the survey of cities is mainly carried out with their help. However, due to the large amount of interference or failures in the operation of GNSS equipment installed on the UAV, the aerial photographs miss the coordinates of the projection centers or their quality does not allow to accurately process the photos for further creation of spatial data. It leads to perform extra field work, which affect time and cost of production.To solve this problem, we propose the technology of using archival aerial survey data as a source for geodetic reference in the alignment of the new aerial images for same areas, which allows you to reduce the time and cost of work. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to investigate the possibility of the aerial triangulation using different time images of urban areas obtained from UAVs.The research shows the results of experimental study on UAVs survey of two urban areas and includes flights made in 2018–2024 years with GSD 5–7 cm. In order to find tie points, we limit the searching area for key points using masks generated with the neural network YoloV8_p6. The accuracy of the resulted alignment was controlled using ground-based check points.The performed research allowed us to confirm the validity of the proposed technology for using archival aerial photos to geo-reference new ones not only for aerial survey from manned aircrafts but also for photos from UAVs. The technology of aerial triangulation using different time images of urban areas can be recommended for aerial survey from manned vehicles for cities with population of millions of people, as well as aerial survey from unmanned vehicles when updating less populated city's spatial data.

Abstract. This article proposes a mathematical model for determining the relative level of light pollution in the night sky at a selected point in the area and the influence of a specific urban infrastructure object on it based on visible high-resolution satellite images. Statistical characteristics of the relative influence on light pollution of specific local objects were determined at an experimental local site. This model allows us to assess the degree of light pollution and its impact on various ecosystems, as well as develop strategies to reduce the negative impact of artificial lighting on nature.

Актуальность. Проблема оценки возможности агломеративного социально-экономического развития территорий достаточно актуальна в настоящее время и напрямую зависит от характера расселения и сохранения его устойчивости в пространственно-временном измерении. Для этого условия обслуживания, труда и отдыха населения не должны сосредотачиваться в одном или нескольких городах региона, а равномерно распределены по всей территории. Тогда не будут нарушены территориально-коммуникационные связи региона, а система расселения будет описываться нормальным распределением Гаусса. Однако в действительности такие условия соблюдаются редко: на практике различные региональные территории обладают настолько различным уровнем социально-экономического развития, что связать их в единую агломерацию не представляется возможным. Отсюда необходимо иметь методики и модели, позволяющие оценить дисбаланс развития территорий и выявить те региональные территории, которые затрудняют переход к устойчивому агломеративному развитию региона. Целью исследования был анализ существующих моделей системы регионального расселения и их дополнений для оценки устойчивости регионального развития территорий, позволяющей объединять их в единую агломеративную целостность. Методы исследования. В работе представлена фрактальная модель, позволяющая оценивать распределение мер плотности территориального расселения на основе временных рядов демографических показателей. Показано, что фрактальная модель дополняет традиционную модель Ципфа «ранг-размер», которая описывает сложившийся дисбаланс территориального расселения, но не устанавливает ограничений на предельную меру плотности, при которой территориально-коммуникационные связи разрушаются, т.е. утрачивается устойчивость развития территорий. Фрактальная модель включает расчет фрактальной меры плотности регионального расселения, по которому можно судить о стабильности (устойчивости) социально-экономического развития. Показано, что риски, приводящие к нарушению социально-экономического развития, возникают в случае предельного дисбаланса системы расселения. Результаты и обсуждения. Верификация фрактальной модели территориального расселения проведена на примере Астраханской области. В результате исследований установлено, что дисбаланс регионального расселения практически отсутствует, а распределение расселения близко к равномерному. Relevance. The problem of assessing the possibility of agglomerative socio-economic development of territories is quite relevant at the present time and directly depends on the nature of settlement and the preservation of its stability in the spatial and temporal dimension. For this purpose, the conditions of service, work and recreation of the population should not be concentrated in one or several cities of the region, but evenly distributed throughout the territory. Then the territorial and communication links of the region will not be disrupted, and the settlement system will be described by the normal Gauss distribution. However, in reality such conditions are rarely observed: in practice, different regional territories have such a different level of socio-economic development that it is not possible to link them into a single agglomeration. Hence, it is necessary to have methods and models that allow us to assess the imbalance in the development of territories and identify those regional territories that make it difficult to transition to sustainable agglomerative development of the region. The purpose of the study was to analyze the existing models of the regional settlement system and their additions to assess the sustainability of regional development of territories, allowing them to be combined into a single agglomerative integrity. Research methods. The paper presents a fractal model that allows us to estimate the distribution of density measures of territorial settlement based on time series of demographic indicators. It is shown that the fractal model complements the traditional Zipf “rank-size” model, which describes the existing imbalance of territorial settlement, but does not set limits on the maximum measure of density at which territorial and communication links are destroyed, i.e. the stability of territorial development is lost. The fractal model includes the calculation of a fractal measure of the density of regional settlement, which can be used to judge the stability (sustainability) of socio-economic development. It is shown that the risks leading to disruption of socio-economic development arise in the case of a marginal imbalance of the settlement system.. Results and discussions. Verification of the fractal model of territorial settlement was carried out using the example of the Astrakhan region. As a result of the research, it was found that there is practically no imbalance in regional settlement, and the distribution of settlement is close to uniform.