Mosteiro da Batalha

Este estudo investigou a integração interdisciplinar entre Trigonometria e Topografia por meio da metodologia de Resolução de Problemas (RP), visando superar a desconexão teoria-prática e aumentar o engajamento discente. A pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter empírico e com elementos de pesquisa-ação, foi desenvolvida com estudantes da Educação Básica em encontros extracurriculares. Foram utilizados registros como protocolos, diário de bordo e gravações para coleta de dados. A análise focalizou categorias como apropriação conceitual, colaboração e ativação de Zonas de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP). Os resultados indicaram maior contextualização da aprendizagem, colaboração efetiva entre pares e ressignificação positiva da matemática, evidenciando o potencial da abordagem para promover engajamento e superar o ensino fragmentado.

The oldest archival records from Navarre and Aragon come from several monasteries that were founded in the ninth century in the Pyrenean valleys. These documents contain a considerable amount of information about how boundaries were drawn, as well as about the settlement of disputes and other land transactions between the monks and peasants. This chapter focuses, firstly, on the role played by dispute settlement in building local political structures and on the legitimating discourse for such structures constructed by the monks. Secondly, it analyses the economic and spatial logic of these conflicts and suggests that two main contending principles lie behind the mechanisms of land appropriation that are deployed in these disputes: appropriation by drawing boundaries and appropriation through the actual use of the land. Finally, it considers the social background of each of these mechanisms and adds some comparative remarks about other regions in western Europe during the early Middle Ages.

The general objective of this article is to analyze whether, in case of failure by the State to protect victims of domestic violence, they justify the legitimate advance defense of women. Countless women are constant victims of domestic violence, and not even the State has been able to guarantee them the protection that such victims are entitled to, and in many cases act in self-defense against their aggressor, killing them. Such theme has as specific objectives: to describe the concepts of domestic violence; specify the types of violence against women; register the relevance of the Maria da Penha Law; and, evaluate the institute of self-defense and its requirements. The methodological procedures used in this research were the deductive approach method, with documentary approach technique, with bibliographic research method, being qualitative research characterized by an explanatory study. The results showed that the legislation supports self-defense when there is no other alternative, requiring the requirements that legitimize such a crime. It is concluded that many women live under the oppression of their executioner who constantly causes them pain, with the most diverse types of violence perpetrated against them, and at the moment when they perceive themselves as at imminent risk of another aggression, this victim who already carries the consequences of violence act in their self-defense.

This study aims to describe an experience lived by undergraduate nursing students in relation to breastfeeding in the first hour of life and the paternal participation does not participate and birth in a usual risk maternity. This is a descriptive study, of the experience report type, developed in a higher education institution in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, from July to August 2020. The results observed during the experience were extremely important for the paternal figure, as much as for a child and puerperal, considering that there was a better strengthening of the bond between the family. For students it was satisfactory to note that this relationship offers that childbirth is a unique, welcoming and safe moment for pregnant women. It is concluded that the paternal participation in all the moments of the gestation only brings positive benefits for the life of the parent, postpartum and baby.

A rede de enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher iniciou sua estruturação, principalmente, após a promulgação da Lei Maria da Penha, em 2006, com a elaboração do Pacto Nacional pelo Enfrentamento à violência e o respectivo Plano Nacional. Após aproximadamente 10 anos da publicação da referia lei, a rede de proteção está sendo ampliada com a implantação do Programa do Governo Federal – “Mulher, Viver sem Violência”. Um dos eixos do programa é a implantação da Casa da Mulher Brasileira em todos os estados da Federação. O marco inicial se deu com a inauguração em Campo Grande/MS e, posteriormente em Brasília/DF, em 2015. Segundo dados da Secretaria de Políticas para Mulheres, já foram feitos aproximadamente 11.000 atendimentos em 1 ano de funcionamento. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os principais avanços e as principais perspectivas com este novo programa, que visa humanizar e ampliar a rede de proteção às mulheres em sua situação de violência no Brasil.

Abstract Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a perennial spontaneous thistle grown in Mediterranean countries and well adapted to marginal lands, recently considered as a non‐food energy crop. Their seeds contain 24% of oil (dry basis). In this study, modeling and optimization of the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from cardoon oil for biodiesel uses was performed at laboratory scale, via response surface methodology, following a central composite rotatable design. FAME were obtained by transesterification of crude cardoon oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst (sodium methoxide) for 120 min. The temperature ranged from 26 to 94 °C, the amount of sodium methoxide varied between 0.12 and 2.5 wt‐% and the molar ratio methanol/oil from 0.95 : 1 to 11 : 1. The estimated yield of FAME (97%) was obtained after 30 min, at 52 °C, for a molar ratio of 6.4 : 1 and 1.4 wt‐% of catalyst. In laboratory‐scale model validation experiments, 94% of FAME yield was obtained after 30 min of reaction. Transesterification was performed in a 30‐L reactor, under previously optimized conditions: A yield of 88% FAME was obtained after 90 min of reaction time, due to mass transfer limitations. After purification, the biodiesel showed high quality according to DIN EN 14214 standard specifications.

Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Serine 139 is one of the earliest events after DNA damage and is required for the retention of factors involved in repair at the site of the break. Intriguingly, H2AX phosphorylation spreads from the vicinity of the break to both directions spanning large chromosomal regions. Phosphorylated H2AX (also known as ?-H2AX) then progressively disappears with kinetics that correlates with the completion of DNA repair. Despite intense investigation on the kinases and stimuli involved in ?-H2AX formation, the mechanism of ?-H2AX disappearance has remained obscure. Three recent papers shed light on this process and suggest that H2AX may serve as a signaling platform that integrates repair and cell cycle checkpoints.