Motorola Solutions (Israel)

A time-dependent trace of the reflection at the end of a two-hole fiber (THF) is use to measure surface tension. Gas is injected through the THF channels while reflection is measured through the fiber core.

Firefighters have among the most physically and psychologically challenging jobs in the world, incurring more than 80,000 (NFPA, 2014) injuries each year. Firefighter training is crucial, as higher knowledge and experience levels are inversely proportional to their risk of injury or work-related illness (Gonzalez, 2002). However, a paradox is created in that the training itself is the third highest cause of firefighter injury (Burgess, 2014). Therefore, enhancing training safety is paramount to creating a safer overall work environment for firefighters. This study focuses on a particularly hazardous aspect of training; crawling. A crawling simulator used by the Opelika and Auburn Fire Departments was built into the back of a trailer and is located in Lee County, Alabama. A system safety analysis was performed incorporating the use of tools including a preliminary hazard list (PHL), preliminary hazard analysis (PHA), risk assessment matrix, fault tree analysis (FTA), and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). Several hazards were identified and assessed. Recommendations for abating these hazards are offered, specifically for hazards resulting from the lack of an evacuation plan and absence of an occupant monitoring system.

In spectrum sharing, a spatial separation region is defined around primary users (PUs) to protect them from secondary user (SU)-induced interference. This protection region — referred to by a number of names, such as an exclusion zone (EZ) or a protection zone (PZ) — has a static boundary, and this boundary is determined very conservatively to provide an additional margin of protection for the PUs. This legacy notion of interference protection is overly rigid, and often results in poor spectrum utilization efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for prescribing interference protection for the PUs that addresses some of the limitations of legacy EZs. Specifically, we introduce the concept of Multi-tiered Incumbent Protection Zones (MIPZ), and show that it can be used to dynamically adjust the PU's protection boundary based on the radio environment, network conditions, and the PU interference protection requirement. MIPZ can serve as an analytical framework for quantitatively analyzing a given PZ to gain insights on and determine the tradeoffs between interference protection and spectrum utilization efficiency. It allows a number of SUs, say N, to operate closer to the PU, and improves the overall spectrum utilization efficiency while ensuring a probabilistic guarantee of interference protection to the PU. We leverage the combined power of database-driven spectrum sharing and stochastic optimization theory for dynamically computing the zone boundary and the value of N. Using extensive simulation results, we demonstrate that the proposed framework improves spectrum utilization efficiency by adapting to the changing interference environment through dynamic adjustments of the zone boundary.

In this paper, we present a new approach to model the impact of cross-coupling noise on interconnect delay. We introduce a new linear driver model that accurately models the noise pulse induced on a switching signal net due to cross coupling capacitance. The proposed model effectively captures the non-linear behavior of the victim driver gate during the transition and has an average error below 8% whereas the traditional approach using a Thevenin model incurs an average error of 48%. We also discuss the worst case alignment of the aggressor net transitions with respect to the victim net transition, emphasizing the need to maximize not merely the delay of the interconnect alone but the combined delay of the interconnect and receiver gate. We show that the worst case alignment of an aggressor net transition is a function of the receiver gate output loading, victim transition edge rate, and the noise pulse width and height and hence propose a pre-characterization approach to efficiently predict the worst-case alignment. The proposed methods were implemented in an industrial noise analysis tool called ClariNet. Results on industrial designs are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

The satellite-based systems of the past filled only a very partial need for Mobile Satellite Services (MSS). The industry is undergoing an extensive revolution in order to be able to serve the true needs. This includes Non GEO constellations, on-board processing and linear modulation methods. This completely changes the EMC scenario, in a sense that from a relatively low usage and stationary environment it becomes dynamic and denser in emitting sources. This paper addresses the issue of out-of-band emissions. While in the old days, satellite- based earth terminals enjoyed a relaxed requirement, in order to accommodate the new systems a much stricter regime must be adopted, similar to the evolution which the terrestrial-based radio communication industry have gone through. In this paper the limits required are calculated and shown to be feasible in the light of the development of the technologies that were needed for the modern terrestrial-based systems like GSM.

TDMA and DS-CDMA are two access methods proposed for digital cellular systems and given the status of standard in the U.S. It is shown in this paper that a capacity comparison between them is scenario specific. In the case of terrestrial cellular CDMA is the winner, whereas in the scenario of a single isolated cell, or for a satellite based cellular system, TDMA appears to be superior. Lastly, there can be a regulatory reason which can prevent the implementation of DS-CDMA like in the Private Land Mobile case, where spectrum is usually licensed on the basis of single narrowband channels and thus a contiguous wide band spectrum is not available. >

The paper proposes a conceptual model for describing and managing system development projects. The model provides a structured way to subdivide projects into tasks and a tool for measuring a priori the level of control needed to manage projects in information system and other areas. A Project Basic Unit (PBU) is defined as the main building block used to describe various levels of a project hierarchy. Project phasing, the subdivision of higher PBUs into lower level ones, is investigated. Criteria for project phasing which is an important element of managing projects, are outlined and discussed. The area of project control where one person performs more than one project role, called coresidence, is also presented. This phenomenon is a frequent cause of lack of control and malfunctions in system development projects.