Mount Aloysius College

Cranial muscles perform important roles triggering diverse paleobiological faculties, such as feeding, communication, alert postures, etc. Within Sauropoda, a clade with high specializations in skull architectures, and several partially complete skulls recovered, detailed reconstructions of the cranial muscles are mainly limited to two of the most famous taxa of the clade: Diplodocus and Camarasaurus. The cranial musculature for Dicraeosauridae, a minor group within the clade, has been gingerly described, based on the few suitable specimens. Herein, the craniomandibular, extrinsic eye, and cervicocranial musculatures of Bajadasaurus pronuspinax are inferred, resulting in the first detailed reconstruction for Dicraeosauridae on these muscular groups, and these are compared with previous inferences in Dicraeosauridae and with other Sauropoda and non-avian dinosaurs. The musculature of Bajadasaurus shows a shift of angle in the temporal musculature when passing through the inferior temporal window (probably indicating the presence of a cartilage for support), an important role of the orbitotemporal muscles in a hypothetical cranial kinesis (which, if true, would allow pseudo-palinal movements in a rostral directionduring the feeding process), an avian-like configuration of the eye muscles, and high lateroflexor moment arms for the skull-neck complex. Dicraeosauridae show clear osteological correlates for a high number of the craniomandibular and cervicocranial muscles, albeit some of these correlates might not be exclusively dedicated for musculature, and could be indicating the presence of alternative soft tissues.

A vertex subset D of a graph G = (V,E) is said to be a dominating set if every vertex in G is either in D or adjacent to some vertex in D. The minimum cardinality of such a set is the domination number, which is denoted as γ(G). In this paper, we define a sequence associated with the domination concept in graphs and studied the basic properties of the sequence in terms of various parameters of graphs. Using this sequence we order the vertices of a dominating set according its significance and propose Equally Significant Dominating (ESD) graphs. We also introduced domination related topological indices and compute their lower bounds for trees, unicyclic graphs and bicyclic graphs. All the graphs attaining the bounds are characterized.

Enzymes are vital biocatalysts facilitating biochemical reactions in organisms, playing pivotal roles in both biological systems and numerous industrial applications. This study focuses on the isolation and screening of asparaginase-producing bacteria from sewage water samples in Bhopal City. A modified M9 media, supplemented with asparagine and phenol red, was used to isolate asparaginase-producing bacteria. Out of the ten samples, seven exhibited asparaginase activity. Two bacterial strains, identified as Bacillus tropicus (S-1) and Priestiaveravalensis (S-2), were found to harbor the ansB gene. Sequence analysis revealed a 96.52% and 95.09% resemblance to Bacillus tropicus MCCC 1A01406 and Priestiaveravalensis strain SGD-V-76, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of these bacterial strains in producing L-asparaginase, emphasizing their significance in pharmaceutical applications, particularly in cancer treatment.

Interest in Quantum Dot Lasers stem mainly from the low threshold current which can result due to quantization of energy levels and change in density of state function. In the most used lasers, separate confinement heterostructures, the nanoscale active region is ‘built into’ the waveguide region (optical confinement layer, OCL) based on a wide gap semiconductor material.The most important characteristic of quantum dot laser is the amount of light it emits as current is injected into the device. The dependence of laser power output on current, cavity length, and various other parameters has been estimated based on the rate equations model. Linear relation has been obtained between power and current and as the cavity length increases, the slope of the power–current characteristic decreases.The external quantum efficiency indicates the efficiency of a laser device in converting the injected electron–hole pairs (input electric charges) to the photons emitted from the device (output light). External differential quantum efficiency decreases linearly with increasing cavity length. As the internal loss increases, the slope of external differential quantum efficiency versus cavity length increases. The internal quantum efficiency is independent of the geometrical properties of the laser device, such as the cavity length or the stripe width. Internal quantum efficiency is one of the main figures of merit that should be used in assessing the quality of the semiconductor wafer from which the quantum dot laser is manufactured.One of the most important device characteristics of a laser diode is the efficiency of conversion of the input electric power into output optical power. Power conversion efficiency is found to increase with increasing drive current, gets its maximum value and after that it decreases slightly with increasing drive current. Power conversion efficiency also depends on different parameters like cavity length, internal efficiency, and threshold current.

This study delves into the attitudes of undergraduate students in Mangaluru City towards the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in educational settings. The purpose of this research is to uncover potential disparities in student perspectives based on their field of study and academic year. Employing a structured Likert-scale questionnaire with 30 questions across three hypotheses, the research methodology involved collecting responses from 268 participants representing diverse academic disciplines. Statistical analyses, including Kruskal-Wallis tests and post hoc tests, were conducted to examine the significance of differences in attitudes. Findings reveal that academic discipline plays a role in shaping students' attitudes toward AI integration in education. The data also suggests that as students use AI-powered apps more frequently in their daily lives, they also tend to be more comfortable with AI-integrated educational tools. The study proved that there was no significant difference in the perceptions of students towards the impact of AI integration on the role of educators in the learning process based on their academic year. Limitations include the regional focus on Mangaluru City, which may impact generalizability. Educators can use the insights to tailor AI integration strategies based on disciplinary nuances, enhancing the learning experience. Socially, the study contributes to the discourse on AI in education, emphasizing the importance of considering diverse student perspectives. The originality of this work lies in its focus on a specific geographic region, shedding light on contextspecific attitudes that can inform localized educational policies and practices.