N. V. Pharma (India)

AKT is one of the overexpressed targets in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and plays an important role in its progression and offers an attractive target for the therapy. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is upregulated in NSCLC. Acridone is an important heterocycle compound which treats cancer through various mechanisms including AKT as a target. In the present work, the study was designed to evaluate the safety profile of three acridone derivatives (AC-2, AC-7, and AC-26) by acute and repeated dose oral toxicity. In addition to this, we also checked the pAKT overexpression and its control by these derivatives in tumor xenograft model. The results from acute and repeated dose toxicity showed these compounds to be highly safe and free from any toxicity, mortality, or significant alteration in body weight, food, and water intake in the rats. In the repeated dose toxicity, compounds showed negligible variations in a few hematological parameters at 400 mg/kg. The histopathology, biochemical, and urine parameters remained unchanged. The xenograft model study demonstrated AC-2 to be inhibiting HOP-62 induced tumor via reduction in p-AKT1 (Ser473) expression significantly. In immunofluorescence staining AC-2 treated tissue section showed 2.5 fold reduction in the expression of p-AKT1 (Ser473). Histopathology studies showed the destruction of tumor cells with increased necrosis after treatment. The study concluded that AC-2 causes cell necrosis in tumor cells via blocking the p-AKT1 expression. The findings may provide a strong basis for further clinical applications of acridone derivatives in NSCLC.

TV‐46000 is a long‐acting subcutaneous antipsychotic that uses a novel copolymer drug delivery technology in combination with a well‐characterized molecule, risperidone, that is in clinical development as a treatment for schizophrenia. A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) modeling and simulation approach was implemented to identify TV‐46000 doses and dosing schedules for clinical development that would provide the best balance between clinical efficacy and safety. The PPK model was created by applying pharmacokinetic data from a phase 1 study of 97 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who received either single or repeated doses of TV‐46000. The PPK model was used to characterize the complex release profile of the total active moiety (TAM; the sum of the risperidone and 9‐OH risperidone concentrations) concentration following subcutaneous injections of TV‐46000. The PK profile was best described by a double Weibull function of the in vivo release rate and by a 2‐compartment disposition and elimination model. Simulations were performed to determine TV‐46000 doses and dosing schedules that maintained a median profile of TAM concentrations similar to published TAM exposure following oral risperidone doses that have been correlated to a 40% to 80% dopamine‐D2 receptor occupancy therapeutic window. The simulations showed that therapeutic dose ranges for TV‐46000 are 50 to 125 mg for once‐monthly and 100 to 250 mg for the once every 2 months regimens. This PPK model provided a basis for prediction of patient‐specific exposure and dopamine‐D2 receptor occupancy estimates to support further clinical development and dose selection for the phase 3 studies.

A busca por novas metodologias e ações didáticas, que contribuam de forma efetiva para o aprendizado dos alunos, é um desafio constante nas instituições de ensino e no dia a dia do professor em sala de aula.De que forma tornar cada vez mais relevante a abordagem de diferentes conteúdos, tornando as aulas atrativas e significativas para o aluno?Diante desse questionamento, o presente artigo busca apresentar uma análise acerca do uso de uma coleção didática de insetos como ferramenta pedagógica, para alunos do 1° ano do curso Técnico Agropecuária Integrado ao ensino médio do IFRS Campus Vacaria.Atrelou-se aulas teóricas e práticas, abordando etapas de secagem, montagem e identificação de insetos, tendo, como resultado final, a confecção da caixa entomológica.Constatou-se, durante todo processo, a interação e a troca de conhecimentos entre alunos, caracterizando-se como uma aprendizagem cooperativa.Portanto, trabalhar de forma colaborativa atrelando a teoria e prática propiciou aos alunos resultados positivos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, pois, a coleção didática de insetos como ferramenta pedagógica possibilitou aos alunos associar seus conhecimentos cotidianos e científicos, oportunizando momentos de questionamentos e trocas de experiências referentes ao objeto de estudo.

Hydrogels are aqueous gels composed of cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers. Stimuli-responsive based hydrogels have gained focus over the past 20 years for treating ophthalmic diseases. Different stimuli-responsive mechanisms are involved in forming polymer hydrogel networks, including change in temperature, pH, ions, and others including light, thrombin, pressure, antigen, and glucose-responsive. Incorporation of nanocarriers with these smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems that can extend the duration of action by increasing ocular bioavailability and reducing the dosing frequency. This review will focus on the hydrogel drug delivery systems highlighting the gelling mechanisms and emerging stimuli-responsive hydrogels from preformed gels, nanogels, and the role of advanced 3D printed hydrogels in vision-threatening diseases like age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. It also provides insight into the limitations of hydrogels along with the safety and biocompatibility of the hydrogel drug delivery systems.

Most commonly used an alternative drug in the treatment of tumor in the last 40 years is Amygdalin. Treatment based on the use of Vitamin B-17, proteolytic pancreatic enzymes, immunostimulants, vitamin and mineral supplements for cancer is a metabolic therapy which is nontoxic. National Cancer Institute is unsuccessful to prove that Laetrile is ineffective and toxic during their studies by clinical trials in 1981. Today, position on the front lines of alternative cancer therapy occupied by Amygdalin. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy can only be administered for a limited time, but Amygdalin can be used indefinitely due to its nontoxicity nature. Combination of Amygdalin with other mineral and vitamin supplements showed effective therapy to treat cancer. Further studies should be conducted to make Laetrile available for the treatment of cancer patients to protect from toxic effects of chemotherapy. Keywords: Amygdalin, Chemotherapy, Radiation, Surgery Cite this Article Giri Raja Sekhar, N. Sreeja. The New Dimension of Cancer: It is Not a Disease but a Deficiency of Vitamin B17. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology & Hematology. 2018; 7(3): 34–36p.

Quality of medicines means meeting the required specifications. Quality management in pharmaceutical industries...