Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University

Two novel endophytic actinomycete strains, NRAIS3T and NRAIS4, belonging to the genus Streptomyces, were isolated from Mitragyna speciosa leaves. Their taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. Both strains grew at temperatures ranging from 25 to 37 °C and at pH values between 6 and 10. Strain NRAIS3ᵀ tolerated up to 5% (w/v) NaCl, whereas strain NRAIS4 tolerated up to 7% (w/v) NaCl. Both strains contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in their cell-wall peptidoglycan, and their whole-cell hydrolysates contained ribose and glucose. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. The polar lipids detected included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains NRAIS3T and NRAIS4 showed the highest similarity (99.4%) to the type strains Streptomyces fodineus TW1S1T, Streptomyces puniciscabiei DSM 41929T and Streptomyces filipinensis JCM 4369T. The average nucleotide identity based on MUMmer and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the genomes of the two strains and those of related type strains were significantly below the Streptomyces species delineation thresholds of 96.7% and 70%, respectively. The ethyl acetate crude extract of NRAIS3T exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. It showed the highest activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, and Enterococcus faecium ATCC 35667. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed diverse antimicrobial metabolites, including aminoquinolines, ergopeptines, isoflavones, hydroxycinnamic acids, N-alkyl piperazines, benzotriazoles, benzimidazoles, phenylacetamides, as well as volatile compounds such as 2,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, hexamethyl-cyclotrisiloxane and 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl) benzene. Based on the taxonomic results, strains NRAIS3T and NRAIS4 represent a novel species within the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces mitragynae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NRAIS3T (=LMG 34056T=TBRC 20459T).

This study aimed to analyse the confirmatory factor structure of information and communication technology (ICT) competency among science teachers under the Uthai Thani Primary Educational Service Area Office. A quantitative research methodology was used. The sample comprised 500 science teachers selected through multistage sampling. The researcher developed a 77-item instrument using a five-point Likert rating scale. The instrument was validated by experts for content validity, and the content validity ratios for individual items ranged from 0.60 to 1.00, with item discrimination indices ranging from 0.44–0.92. The reliability coefficients, calculated using Cronbach’s alpha, ranged from 0.97–0.99. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) through statistical software, which indicated that the model demonstrated a good fit with the empirical data. The chi-square statistic was 107.331 with 98 degrees of freedom (p = 0.244), indicating good fit. The fit indices also indicated an excellent model fit, with a Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.998, a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.999, a standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) of 0.022, and a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of 0.015. Among the factors, the highest factor loading was found in the knowledge component (0.940), followed by the skills component (0.896) and the attitude component (0.708), all of which were statistically significant at the .01 level. Future research should test the model in other contextually diverse regions and across different grade levels and investigate emerging variables relevant to contemporary ICT competencies.

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) resulting from antibiotic misuse in livestock poses a growing threat to animal and human health. The development of sustainable probiotic alternatives supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), and responsible consumption and production (SDG 12). This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and perform genomic analysis of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from swine feces exhibiting antibacterial activity against pathogenic Escherichia coli, to explore their potential as eco-friendly probiotic feed additives.Materials and Methods:Thirty fecal samples were collected from slaughtered crossbred pigs in Thailand. LAB isolates were screened for antibacterial activity against five E. coli pathotypes (Enteroaggregative E. coli, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, and enteropathogenic E. coli) and assessed for acid and bile tolerance, adhesion capacity, and gastrointestinal survival. Two promising isolates (ATP111 and ATP210) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses for genes related to antimicrobial production, stress tolerance, virulence, and AMR.Results:Among 93 initial isolates, Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis ATP111 and Weissella cibaria ATP210 exhibited broad-spectrum inhibition against all E. coli pathotypes. Both strains survived under pH 2.5 and 1% bile conditions, showing 74.39% and 66.90% survival, respectively, in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Genomic analyses revealed the presence of genes encoding bacteriocins, polyketide synthases, terpenes, and multiple stress-response proteins, supporting their resilience and antimicrobial functionality. Importantly, both genomes lacked virulence and AMR genes, confirming biosafety for probiotic use.Conclusion:The integrated phenotypic and genomic evidence positions L. argentoratensis ATP111 and W. cibaria ATP210 as safe, effective, and sustainable probiotic candidates for swine health management. Their application as antibiotic alternatives aligns with SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), and SDG 15 (life on land), contributing to reduced antibiotic dependence and improved livestock sustainability. Future in vivo validation is recommended to confirm efficacy and support global AMR mitigation efforts.

The objective of this research is to develop indicators of happiness in science learning among upper secondary school students and to analyze the components of indicators of happiness in science learning among upper secondary school students. The sample group consisted of 960 upper secondary school students enrolled in the second semester of the 2022 academic year under the Nakhon Sawan Secondary Educational Service Area Office, selected using multistage random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of 48 items using a five-point Likert scale. Content validity was examined by five experts, and the reliability was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with the SPSS. The research findings revealed that there were 48 indicators of happiness in science learning among upper secondary school students. The content validity ranged from 0.60 to 1.00, and the reliability coefficient was 0.98. The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the indicators of happiness in science learning among upper secondary school students revealed four components: (1) positive attitudes toward science learning, consisting of 13 indicators; (2) discipline in science learning, consisting of 15 indicators; (3) self-management for the development of science learning, consisting of 11 indicators; and (4) positive relationships in science learning, consisting of 9 indicators. Together, these four components accounted for 94.089% of the total variance.

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

In this paper, we investigate the left regularity, right regularity, and complete regularity of elements in subsemigroups of the semigroups of linear transformations with invariant subspaces. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for these subsemigroups to be left regular, right regular, and completely regular. Specifically, we examine semigroups of linear transformations with restricted range, invariant subspaces, and fixed subspaces. The results offer a comprehensive characterization of regular elements within these algebraic structures and extend existing work in this field. Our findings have potential applications in algebraic theory, particularly in the study of transformation semigroups and their subsemigroups.

This paper presents a performance and cost analysis of sensors to determine the most cost-effective choice for use in an automation system. Four sensors-two inductive proximity sensors, a capacitive proximity sensor, and an optical sensor-were tested in a testbed system at the NSRU laboratory. The study measured the duration from the starting point to the endpoint as a metal object passed through. Each sensor was tested multiple times, but only the 30 valid results per sensor were reported and analyzed. The results show that the optical proximity sensor recorded the lowest average time of 7.14 s. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and t-tests confirmed significant differences in the average times among the four sensors. Additionally, a cost-effectiveness analysis indicates that one of the inductive proximity sensors was the best option, even though it may not be the most sensitive sensor.

This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to determine factors influencing knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward the swine influenza virus (SIV) among pig farm owners, workers, and villagers in selected provinces of Thailand. This study was carried out from February to December 2022 in pig farms and villages across the provinces. A structured and standardized quantitative questionnaire was utilized to collect data on socio-demographic variables and KAP related to SIV from 215 participants. The quantitative data was analyzed in two steps using R software. The study findings showed that the average knowledge score on SIV was 6.92 out of 12, indicating moderate understanding of SIV in study participants. Attitudes towards SIV were generally positive, with an average score of 3.74 out of 5. Practices for SIV prevention averaged a score of 3.63 out of 5. Key factors associated with better SIV knowledge included higher education levels, higher monthly income, and direct involvement in vaccination processes. Moreover, those with higher education, employment on pig farms, and prior vaccination experience showed more positive attitudes towards SIV. Occupations related to pig farming and the availability of vaccination services significantly influenced SIV prevention practices. The findings highlighted that improved education and stronger connections with healthcare professionals and the pig farming sector may significantly enhance KAP regarding SIV among targeted populations. In contrast, participants with limited exposure to health services or pig farming activities, such as nearby villagers, require specialized educational interventions. This study recommends that local health authorities should develop and implement communication strategies and interventions focused on educating pig farm owners, managers, and villagers about SIV to mitigate the risks associated with SIV and other zoonotic diseases.