National Applied Research Laboratories

• Meta-corrector reduces focal spot from 5.68 μm to 4.03 μm, near diffraction limit • Smooth phase profile of meta-corrector simplifies fabrication and enhances efficiency • Integration with Cooke triplet enables compact, high-performance imaging systems We demonstrate a hybrid optical system that integrates a meta-corrector with a conventional Cooke triplet to improve focusing performance significantly. In this study, the Cooke triplet offers primary focusing, while the meta-corrector compensates for spherical aberration with a smooth phase profile. This design enhances spatial resolution and simplifies fabrication. Experimental results show that the focal spot size decreases from 5.68 μm to 4.03 μm, approaching the diffraction-limited Airy radius of 4.11 μm, validating the effectiveness of the meta-corrector. This approach provides a promising pathway for enhancing traditional lens systems and can be extended to advanced commercial optics for compact, high-performance imaging.

The Lanyu pig, a genetically unique miniature breed native to Taiwan, represents a valuable yet under-characterised large-animal model in biomedical research. Here, we present a detailed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT)-based anatomical atlas of male and female Lanyu pigs at 5-6 months of age. MRI effectively visualised brain, reproductive and abdominal structures, with T1-weighted images providing sharp anatomical boundaries and T2-weighted images enhancing cerebrospinal fluid and soft-tissue contrast. CT provided high-resolution visualisation of skeletal and cardiovascular anatomy, including vascular imaging and 3D reconstructions. Quantitative MRI analyses revealed sex-specific differences in brain and cerebellar morphology, with females showing smaller brain, cerebellar and hemisphere widths but greater cerebellar length compared to males. Long bone measurements exhibited significant age × sex-dependent interactions, with females demonstrating earlier skeletal elongation and males showing a delayed growth surge. Myocardial thickness, however, displayed sex-specific patterns independent of age, with thicker left ventricular walls and interventricular septa in males. Comparative morphometric data from other miniature pig breeds highlight the distinctive developmental profile of Lanyu pigs and underscore their potential as a complementary model. The integration of surface scanning with vascular CT further extends applications to surgical planning and comparative vascular analysis. Beyond its descriptive value, this open-access dataset provides a reusable anatomical resource that supports functional anatomical interpretation, stereotactic procedures and ethical animal use under the 3Rs framework. Collectively, this atlas fills a critical gap in swine anatomy and supports the translational value of Lanyu pigs in biomedical and surgical studies.

A 60-GHz flip-chip 2xLO APDP (anti-parallel diode pair) up-/down- conversion mixer is demonstrated using 0.15 μm pHEMT (pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor) technology in this paper. For a compact size with compatibility to the flip chip technique, the 60-GHz RF section of the subharmonic APDP mixer uses the coplanar waveguide with backside ground and the rest of low-frequency transmission lines adopt the microstrip transmission lines while through substrate vias are employed as the transition in the 60 GHz RF section. There is a negligible change in all rf performance before and after flip-chip for the 60-GHz up- /down- 2xLO APDP converters using a flip-chip compatible 60- GHz coplanar waveguide RF section.

Energy conservation and carbon reduction are critical in energy policies. Therefore, numerous energy-saving methods, such as the introduction of new technologies and the replacement of outdated equipment, have been proposed. To determine whether these methods are effective in energy conservation and carbon reduction, scientific validation is required. The most common validation method is energy baseline. An energy baseline refers to the use of data measured before energy-saving improvements. It is used to construct a mathematical model that describes energy consumption. Using the baseline, the energy consumption during the baseline period after improvements is calculated. By subtracting the measured consumption from the value, the amount of energy saved is estimated. Traditionally, linear regression is used to establish energy baseline prediction. However, linear regression has limitations with complex energy data. Therefore, we used deep learning models to handle nonlinear data in the air compression system for comparative analysis. The developed long-short-term memory (LSTM) model showed superior capabilities for processing nonlinear data, aligning with the actual data distribution, and reducing errors. Compared with linear regression models, the LSTM model reduced uncertainty, risk, and cost by 40.3%.

Solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs) with composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) offer enhanced energy density and high safety. However, their performance is hindered by large thickness and limited Li⁺ conductivity of CSEs, and large electrode/electrolyte interface resistance. This study develops an 18 µm‐thick CSE using a polyethylene scaffold, which incorporates garnet‐type Li6.25La3Zr2Ga0.25O12 (LLZGO) oxide and an ionic liquid (IL) additive in a poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)/polypropylene carbonate matrix, achieving a high ionic conductivity of 8.6 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C. The IL increases Li+ conduction of the CSE and reduces the interfacial resistance. The constructed LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM‐811)||CSE||Li cell shows remarkable charge–discharge performance. This study also integrates LLZGO and N‐propyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide (PMP‐TFSI) IL into a thick NCM‐811 cathode. The synergy between LLZGO and PMP‐TFSI within the cathode is examined. A high‐mass‐loading cathode with ≈20 mg cm−2 NCM‐811 is developed. The resulting composite cathode||CSE||Li cell achieves an areal capacity of ≈4 mAh cm−2. With the proposed scaffold‐supported CSE and thick NCM/LLZGO/IL composite cathode, the projected energy density of the resulting anode‐free pouch cell is ≈420 Wh kg−1. This study demonstrates a scalable and effective strategy for fabricating an oxide‐based SSLB with a high energy density and enhanced Li+ transport properties.

This paper presents a high-performance X-band continuous-mode Class- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{F}^{-1}$</tex> MMIC power amplifier (PA) in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.25 \mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> GaN technology. Design considerations and challenges of continuous-mode Class- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{F}^{-1}\left(\text{CCF}^{-1}\right)$</tex> have been discussed. Broadband matching networks with low losses are designed by accounting for varying optimal impedances at different frequencies and power levels with minimal components. Measured results show the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{CCF}^{-1} \text{PA}$</tex> achieving <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$P_{\text {sat}}$</tex> of 37.4 dBm, with a peak PAE of 44.3 %, and a gain of 21.2 to 24 dB in the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$f_{-3 \text{dB}}$</tex> from 8.3 to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$11.2 \text{GHz}(29.7 \%)$</tex>. Performance evaluation using a 5G NR FR1 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$256-\text{QAM} 100-\text{MHz}$</tex> bandwidth modulated signal yields an average <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$P_{\text {out}}$</tex> of 31.3 dBm, meeting the 3.5 % error vector magnitude (EVM) requirement. Compared to the previously published <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.25-\mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> GaN MMICs with harmonic tuning in a similar frequency range, this work achieves the largest fractional bandwidth, and the FoMs are among the best.