National Archaeology Museum

<title>Abstract</title> To gain deeper insights into the manufacturing techniques and raw material sources of the glass beads collected from the Nanhai I shipwreck dating from Southern Song Dynasty, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on three typical types of beads using digital microscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µ-XRF), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that these beads are typical Chinese potash-lead and lead silicate glasses, manufactured primarily using the coiling technique. The opaque yellow coloration was obtained with the use of lead stannate (lead-tin yellow type II) as both a colorant and opacifier. The black glass beads also contain high levels of tin, while those with orange interior was colored by the combined use of Cu ₂ O and CuO. The black beads exhibit signs of weathering from the presence of such corrosion products as Pb ₂ CO ₃ Cl ₂ , PbSO ₄ , and 2PbCO ₃ ·Pb(OH) ₂ . The technological lineage of these potash-lead beads is discussed below from the perspectives of their compositional system and the nature of the opacifiers that were used, linking them to Han Dynasty potash-lead glass from Lingnan. Based on the results of trace element and lead isotope analysis, the provenance of the raw material used to these glass beads was also investigated.

A new genus of oecanthid cricket from the Neometrypini tribe is described here: Aphonodiacanthus Tonon &amp; Campos gen. nov., comprising three new species: A. melanocephalus Tonon, Campos &amp; Souza-Dias sp. nov., A. maculatus Tonon &amp; Campos sp. nov., and A. chlorops Tonon &amp; Campos sp. nov., from the Brazilian states of Paraná, Bahia, and São Paulo respectively. The combination of male genitalia characters, mainly the pointed shape of the pseudepiphallic lateral lobes, and other morphological features such as the short forewings and supra anal plate, supports the proposal of this new genus. A geographical distribution map and identification key to species are provided, along with an updated identification key to genera of Neometrypini. A brief discussion is also presented for traits such as the subgenual organ, the absence of acoustic communication, the metanotal glands, and highlight the presence of A. chlorops Tonon &amp; Campos sp. nov. in a densely populated area within the São Paulo metropolitan region, inhabiting an urban fragment of Atlantic Forest.

Apresentam-se três depósitos monetários baixo-imperiais descobertos no decurso de trabalhos de arqueologia urbana realizados em Idanha-a-Velha entre os anos noventa do século passado e o final da primeira década desta centúria. A análise numismática dos conjuntos, de par com os respetivos contextos estratigráficos, afirma-se como um contributo relevante para o conhecimento da circulação monetária e da ocupação tardo-romana da cidade.

ABSTRACT Negative structures (pits), dated to the second half of the sixth millennium cal BC, have been documented at Lapiás das Lameiras (Sintra, Estremadura, Portugal), an open-air settlement in the Estremadura limestone area. Their sedimentary fill contains a large number of archaeological remains, of both biotic and abiotic origins. This paper presents the complete study of the invertebrates documented in these structures. Marine invertebrates living on a rocky substrate in the intertidal zone predominate: mainly molluscs (e.g. mussels), but also crustaceans (e.g. goose barnacles) are documented. Typical estuarine clams (e.g. Ruditapes decussatus) are less abundant. Gathering shellfish involved travelling to the coast, located today about 10 km from the site. Continental invertebrates are represented by land and fluvial molluscs. When compared with material from the Mesolithic period, the archaeofaunal study at Lameiras indicates continuity in the use of marine resources by the earliest Neolithic groups in the western Iberian Peninsula.

The National Museum of Natural History and Science holds a historical collection of 279 small African mammal specimens (Macroscelidea and Rodentia), representing 32 species, gathered during the Portuguese colonial period in Mozambique, Angola, and Guinea-Bissau. This study examines the collection, updates the small mammal species lists for each country, and highlights its importance as a historical baseline for biodiversity research. Rodents dominate the collection, reflecting their natural abundance and diversity, while Macroscelidea are less represented. The Angolan subset of the collection has the highest number of both specimens and species represented. Mozambique is underrepresented, and the Guinea-Bissau subset offers an extensive rodent representation of the country’s inventory. The most well-represented species are Gerbilliscus leucogaster, Lemniscomys striatus, Lemniscomys griselda (from Angola), and Heliosciurus gambianus (from Guinea-Bissau). Notably, the collection includes the neo-paratype of Dasymys nudipes (from Angola). Most species are common and not currently threatened, with geographic origin corresponding to savanna and forest habitats. These findings underscore the importance of integrating historical data and current biodiversity assessments to support multidisciplinary studies on target species, regions, or countries. In this context, the collection remains a valuable key resource for advanced research on African small mammals.

Este artigo trata sobre indicativos da presença borum em sambaquis do Espírito Santo. Datações dos séculos XVIII e XIX em sambaquis do município de Linhares sugerem sua inclusão no padrão de assentamento dos Botocudos durante o período colonial. Utilizando dados etno-históricos, identifica-se a ocupação intensa entre os rios São Mateus e Doce por grupos historicamente denominados Botocudos, reconhecidos como indígenas Krenak, falantes da língua borum do tronco macro-jê. O estudo discute as denominações históricas desses povos (Aimoré no século XVI, Botocudo no século XVIII e Krenak do século XX em diante), relaciona os dados linguísticos com as práticas culturais descritas nas crônicas etnohistóricas, e articula todas as informações com dados isotópicos disponíveis na bibliografia e apresenta análises zooarqueológicas inéditas nos sambaquis do norte do Espírito Santo.

Apresentação por parte da representação da NegrArqueo em colaborração com a Revista.

O artigo se trata de um histórico resumido dos episódios cruciais da criação e do desenvolvimento da Rede de Arqueologia Negra (NegrArqueo), desde sua fundação, em 2018, até 2024. Apresenta um panorama superficial da logística organizacional da Rede, bem como uma listagem das ações promovidas pelo coletivo. Ao final, lista alguns membros atuais.