National Council for Scientific and Technological Development

Purpose The present study aims to develop and validate a Women's Economic Participation Index (WEPI), constructed from the weighted aggregation of factors extracted through exploratory factor analysis. Using this index, the study empirically assesses its explanatory power with respect to external outcomes associated with female entrepreneurship, employing women's total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) as the dependent variable. Design/methodology/approach The WEPI was constructed using principal component analysis (PCA), applied to 16 variables grouped into four dimensions: wealth and income, labor market participation, leadership and wage disparities, and domestic violence. Data was obtained from the World Bank and the Fraser Institute. The index was computed for 99 countries in the Global South, and its statistical adequacy was confirmed through Bartlett's test and the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure. To empirically validate the WEPI as an indicator of women's economic participation, two cross-sectional regression models were estimated using female TEA – from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) – as the dependent variable. Model 1 employs the WEPI as the main explanatory variable, whereas Model 2 decomposes the index into its four constituent factors. This strategy allows for assessing both the explanatory power of the aggregate index and the specific contribution of each dimension to variations in early-stage female entrepreneurship, thereby functioning as a test of the indicator's external validity. Findings The results show that countries such as Georgia, Mauritius and Peru achieved the highest WEPI scores, reflecting strong institutional commitments to gender equality. In contrast, countries such as Sudan, Guinea-Bissau and Niger recorded the lowest scores due to structural and legal barriers, limited access to education, and high levels of gender-based violence. The regression models confirmed the external validity of the WEPI as a measure of women's economic participation. In the first model, the aggregate index displayed a positive association with early-stage female entrepreneurship, indicating that more inclusive environments foster women's engagement in new business creation. In the second model, which decomposes the WEPI into its four dimensions, income, leadership, and wage disparities were positively associated with TEA, whereas domestic violence exhibited a negative effect. Together, these findings indicate that both the composite index and its individual dimensions capture relevant institutional factors that help explain female entrepreneurial engagement across the countries analyzed. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in the development of the WEPI, an indicator designed to measure the multiple dimensions that shape women's economic participation in the Global South. The WEPI combines institutional, labor market, leadership, and safety-related factors into a single instrument, enabling the identification of specific barriers that constrain women's entrepreneurship and economic autonomy. Beyond deepening the diagnosis of gender-based economic inequalities in low-income contexts, the index provides a comparative analytical tool capable of guiding more targeted policy interventions, revealing which dimensions – and in which types of countries – progress may yield the greatest impact on women's economic empowerment.

O ensino da matemática tem sido historicamente marcado por desafios relacionados à aprendizagem dos estudantes, às práticas pedagógicas e à formação docente. No contexto da educação contemporânea, tais desafios tornam-se ainda mais complexos diante das transformações sociais, culturais e tecnológicas que influenciam os processos educativos. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os principais enfrentamentos presentes no ensino da matemática na educação contemporânea, discutindo aspectos relacionados às metodologias de ensino, à formação de professores e às demandas educacionais emergentes. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo qualitativo de natureza bibliográfica, fundamentado em autores da Educação Matemática e das ciências da educação. A análise dialoga com contribuições teóricas de D’Ambrosio, Skovsmose, Fiorentini, Lorenzato, Dante, Smole e Rojo, que discutem a necessidade de superar práticas tradicionais de ensino e promover abordagens pedagógicas mais contextualizadas, investigativas e interdisciplinares. Os resultados indicam que os principais enfrentamentos do ensino da matemática estão relacionados à necessidade de tornar os conteúdos mais significativos para os estudantes, integrar diferentes linguagens no processo de aprendizagem e desenvolver práticas pedagógicas que estimulem o pensamento crítico e a resolução de problemas. Conclui-se que enfrentar os desafios do ensino da matemática na educação contemporânea exige a construção de práticas educativas inovadoras que articulem conhecimento matemático, cultura, linguagem e formação crítica dos estudantes.

O assédio moral no ambiente de trabalho constitui um fenômeno complexo que envolve relações de poder, dinâmicas institucionais e práticas organizacionais capazes de comprometer a dignidade e o bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Em determinados contextos organizacionais, especialmente aqueles caracterizados por centralização decisória e fragilidade de mecanismos institucionais de controle, podem emergir práticas de perseguição profissional, desqualificação simbólica e favorecimento de determinados grupos no interior das instituições.O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o fenômeno do assédio moral institucional a partir das relações de poder presentes nas organizações, discutindo de que modo determinadas estruturas institucionais contribuem para a naturalização de práticas abusivas no ambiente de trabalho. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, de natureza exploratória, fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica crítica da literatura nacional e internacional sobre assédio moral, poder institucional e psicodinâmica do trabalho.O referencial teórico articula contribuições da sociologia do poder, da psicodinâmica do trabalho e dos estudos sobre violência simbólica nas instituições. A análise evidencia que o assédio moral pode assumir caráter institucionalizado por meio de mecanismos organizacionais de exclusão profissional, isolamento simbólico, desvalorização do trabalho e favorecimento de determinados grupos dentro das organizações.Conclui-se que o enfrentamento desse fenômeno requer não apenas mecanismos formais de responsabilização, mas também políticas institucionais de prevenção, canais efetivos de denúncia e a construção de uma cultura organizacional orientada por princípios éticos e pela valorização do trabalho humano.

O cinema mundial vem ampliando o tratamento dos temas da Ecologia e do Meio Ambiente, a partir da Conferência Mundial sobre Meio Ambiente (1972) e da Conferência Internacional sobre Educação Ambiental (1977). O objetivo é apontar obras fílmicas que abordam Ecologia/Meio Ambiente e que possam ser apontadas como interessantes no ensino ambiental. A respeito da Metodologia, há filmes aos quais os artigos não trazem a data de produção ou o diretor, dados que foram complementados pelo autor na elaboração do artigo. Utilizaram-se apenas fontes acadêmicas: foram feitas buscas no Google Acadêmico e no Portal da Capes, com especial empenho em Dissertações e TCC’s, bem como em materiais recentes. Textos que analisam filmes sob aspectos sociológicos, religiosos ou filosóficos não foram adotados. Ademais, apenas artigos que tratam com certo grau de detalhe de um ou mais filmes foram incorporados. Dessa forma, houve verdadeiro trabalho de garimpagem e de longa busca de textos. Houve maior robustez nos dados quando mais de uma fonte trata da mesmo filme. Finalmente, dada a minuciosa seleção das obras fílmicas, pode-se apontar que se prestam ao ensino de temas ligados ao Meio Ambiente – cada vez mais caros à formação de um bom cidadão.

To investigate the association between empathy and the subdomains of affective and cognitive empathy and burnout syndrome in nurses from any health field. Empathy is an ability composed of affective and cognitive domains that have been widely studied in healthcare providers. Affective and cognitive empathy have subdomains, and the associations with burnout syndrome are under-investigated. Burnout syndrome is an occupational disease that often affects nurses. A meta-analysis was conducted guided by the PRISMA Statement checklist and was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024600740). Twenty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria. A negative correlation was found between global empathy and burnout syndrome. When considering the subdomains of affective empathy, no statistically significant correlation was found with empathic concern, whereas a moderate positive correlation was found between personal distress and burnout syndrome. Considering the subdomains of cognitive empathy, a weak negative correlation was found between perspective taking and burnout syndrome, whereas a weak positive correlation with fantasy was found. The subdomains of empathy are distinctly related to burnout syndrome in nurses. Perspective taking served as a protective factor for the mental health of these health professionals. Global empathy was negatively associated with burnout syndrome, while its subdomains showed distinct and sometimes opposing associations. When considering the subdomains of affective and cognitive empathy, distinct interactions were identified. Personal distress and fantasy were positively correlated with burnout syndrome, whereas perspective taking was negatively correlated. Understanding the impact of empathy subdomains can assist in the planning of interventions aimed at optimizing empathic functioning while minimizing risks to nurses' mental health.

Biallelic pathogenic variants in MCM3AP, encoding the germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP), have been linked to autosomal recessive peripheral neuropathies variably accompanied by cognitive impairment and multisystem involvement. To date, anterior horn cell involvement has not been documented in association with MCM3AP-related disorders. To describe a patient with biallelic MCM3AP variants presenting with a motor neuronopathy phenotype and to provide the first whole-body muscle MRI characterization associated with this gene. A 53-year-old woman born to non-consanguineous parents presented with early-onset motor neuronopathy and lifelong learning difficulties. Neurological examination revealed generalized areflexia and widespread fasciculations without sensory abnormalities. Electroneuromyography demonstrated diffuse mixed acute-on-chronic denervation process. Whole-body muscle MRI showed a selective non-length-dependent pattern of fatty infiltration. Whole-exome sequencing identified two likely pathogenic heterozygous variants in the MCM3AP gene. According to the policies of our institution, single-patient case reports do not require review or approval by the institutional ethics committee. Written informed consent for participation and for publication of clinical information, photographs, electrophysiological data, and muscle MRI images was obtained from the patient. No clinical trial registration was applicable. This case extends the phenotypic spectrum of MCM3AP-related disorders to include a slowly progressive, non-syndromic motor neuronopathy with electrophysiological evidence of active denervation and distinctive MRI findings. These observations highlight the hidden boundaries between hereditary motor neuropathies and anterior horn cell diseases, emphasizing the need for integrated clinical, neurophysiological, and genetic evaluation.

The findings suggest a clinically relevant interaction between ayahuasca and SSRIs, as even modest increases in DMT exposure may intensify serotonergic effects in individuals receiving antidepressant therapy. This study provides a mechanistic and quantitative framework for assessing interaction risks between ayahuasca alkaloids and SSRIs, supporting clinical decision-making and harm-reduction strategies in contexts where controlled drug-drug interaction studies are not feasible.

An identification guide for the Aphodiinae of Brazil is provided. Aphodiinae are a subfamily of Scarabaeidae comprising small and saprophagous beetles normally recognizable by the elongated body, clypeus covering the mouth parts and metatibiae with two apical spurs. In Brazil, the subfamily is composed of 40 genera and 148 species. Through the analysis of material in collections and literature, an identification guide for the subfamily in Brazil was written. Dichotomous keys for all genera and species are provided. Three genera (Amerilochus Skelley, 2007, Saprolochus Stebnicka & Galante, 2007 and Stebnickiella Skelley, 2007) and 15 species (Blackburneus surinamensis Dellacasa, Dellacasa & Gordon, 2011, Blackburneus thomasi Dellacasa, Dellacasa & Gordon, 2011, Labarrus lividus (Olivier, 1789), Aidophus kolbei (Schmidt, 1911), Ataeniopsis haroldi (Steinheil & Stroblel, 1872), Batesiana chamorroi Skelley & Vaz-de-Mello, 2022, Iarupea lopeteguii Martínez, 1953, Lomanoxia canthonopsis Skelley & Howden, 2003, Lomanoxoides bitubericollis (Schmidt, 1909), Odontolytes guayara (Stebnicka, 2002), Odontolytes loretoensis (Stebnicka, 2002), Tanyana guyanaensis (Stebnicka, 2003), Amerilochus cinereus Skelley, 2007, Saprolochus tridentatus Skelley, 2007, Stebnickiella zosterixys Skelley, 2007) are considered new records for the country. Ataenius bolivarensis Stebnicka, 2007 and Cartwrightia cartwrighti Cartwright, 1967 are tentatively considered as new records. Ataenius Harold, 1867 is treated at species group level only. Platytomus longulus (Cartwright, 1948) and Platytomus freudei (Balthasar, 1960) are treated as a species complexes. The known distributions of many species are updated.