National Secretariat - Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency

John Williams is widely recognized as one of the greatest film composers, celebrated for reviving the symphonic idiom in film scoring, especially with works like Star Wars. However, his significant contributions as a concert conductor are often overlooked. Williams’s leadership of the Boston Pops played a crucial role in legitimizing film music as a respected part of symphonic concert programs. His influence has been acknowledged by prestigious invitations to conduct world-class orchestras, such as the Wiener Philharmoniker, Berliner Philharmoniker, and Orchestra Filarmonica de La Scala, and by receiving the Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society. Although conducting was not his original plan, it became an essential and complementary aspect of his career, helping to bring symphonic film music into the spotlight and ensuring its continued relevance and appreciation worldwide.

Ensuring optimal dissolved oxygen (DO) levels is essential in Vannamei shrimp aquaculture, as it plays a key role in supporting growth, metabolism, and maintaining water quality. Conventional aeration systems typically function at constant speeds, which can result in inefficient energy use and less effective oxygen distribution. This study proposes an intelligent aerator control system integrating fuzzy logic and real-time sensor feedback to dynamically adjust aeration in response to DO, temperature, and pH fluctuations. Implemented at an operational shrimp farm in Gunung Anyar, Surabaya, the system leverages a multi-sensor monitoring network to optimize aerator wheel motor speed. Experimental results demonstrate a 2.74% increase in DO concentration while reducing energy consumption by 6.16 kWh compared to conventional systems. The fuzzy logic controller’s adaptive performance enhances oxygenation efficiency and minimizes power waste, offering a scalable solution for sustainable aquaculture. This work bridges the gap between theoretical control systems and practical aquaculture challenges, providing empirical evidence for the viability of smart aeration technologies in commercial shrimp farming.

One of the elements that has the biggest impact of air pollution is lead. Lead can be contaminated through the air, one of which is produced by burning vehicles and releasing lead oxide in the form of dust or particles that can be inhaled into the human respiratory tract. The duration of lead exposure affects air pollution which can harm human health. The aim of this research was to determine blood lead levels in truck drivers in a section of Marunda terminal North Jakarta using the ICP-MS method. ICP-MS has multi-element analysis capabilities and high sensitivity compared to other techniques. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with a cross-sectional research design and data collection using purposive sampling, data collection was carried out in June 2023. Lead examination was carried out at the DKI Jakarta Regional Health Laboratory. The type of specimen used is human blood. Blood samples were collected using an EDTA tube and then measured using an ICP-MS device. The results showed that 17 respondents had lead levels < 2.28 µg/L. Blood lead levels in truck drivers in a section of Marunda terminal North Jakarta were not detected. This shows that there is no lead content in the blood.

Lansia merupakan suatu kondisi yang identik dengan seseorang yang mengalami penurunan kondisi fisik, sehingga status kesehatan lansia menurun. Suatu kegiatan yang menyebabkan peningkatan penggunaan energi atau kalori oleh tubuh disebut aktivitas fisik. Keterbatasan lansia melakukan aktivitas fisik juga mengakibatkan penurunan keseimbangan dan kekuatan otot yang beresiko terjadinya jatuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan ketahan fisik dan keseimbangan pada lansia. Lokasi kegiatan PKM berada di Sekolah Lansia Selasih Jatiasih Kota Bekasi, SDN 03 Kelurahan Jatiluhur, berupa Otago Home Exercise Programme dan memberikan ilmu pengetahuan resiko jatuh. Kegiatan deteksi dini resiko jatuh dengan pengukuran tekanan darah dan gula darah. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini dilakukan sebagai upaya tujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia tentang pentingnya latihan fisik untuk mencegah jatuh. Hasil pengukuran rerata tingkat pengetahuan lansia terhadap risiko jatuh, didapatkan peningkatan nilai rerata dari 2,53% menjadi 3,29%. Analisis bivariate dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank dengan p-value=0,014 (p<0,05), berarti terdapat pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan lansia mengenai risiko jatuh pada saat sebelum dan setelah pemberian intervensi. Kegiatan Latihan fisik ini diupayakan untuk menurunakan gangguan gerak dan fungsional, sehingga menurunkan angka kesakitan pada lansia dan peningkatan pengetahuan serta pengaplikasian secara rutin model latihan keseimbangan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh kemampuan berwirausaha dan pengetahuan kewirausahaan terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan studi kasus pada pedagang kuliner bagya city Medan. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 3 (tiga) bulan, mulai dari Agustus 2022 sampai Oktober 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode non probability sampling. Responden penelitian ini adalah pedagang kuliner bagya city Medan yang berjumlah 34 (tiga puluh empat). Instrument yang digunakan berupa angket untuk mengumpulkan data dari variabel kemampuan berwirausaha, variabel pengetahuan kewirausahaan dan variabel peningkatan volume penjualan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji realibilitas, analisis deskriptif, uji normalitas, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji hipotesis parsial atau uji t dan penghitungan koefisien determinasi. Penentuan hasil analisis deskriptif untuk variabel kemampuan berwirausaha, variabel pengetahuan kewirausahaan dan peningkatan volume penjualan berada pada kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan analisis secara parsial, kemampuan berwirausaha dan pengetahuan kewirausahaan, berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan studi kasus pada pedagang kuliner bagya city Medan. Berdasarkan analisis secara simultan kemampuan berwirausaha dan pengetahuan kewirausahaan, berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan pada pedagang kuliner bagya city medan medan. 
 Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Berwirausaha, Pengetahuan Kewirausahaan, Peningkatan Volume Penjualan

The incidence of skin cancer was found to be 5.9% -7.8% spread across various hospitals or the third position for most cancers after cervical and breast cancer. One solution to prevent skin cancer is the use of sunscreen or sunscreen. The purpose of this study was to determine the SPF value of nanoemulgel ethanol extract of keji beling and kelor leaves. This type of research is quantitative. The samples used were keji beling and kelor leaf extracts. The extraction method is maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. Testing the SPF value using the spectrophotometric method with a wavelength of 290-320 nm with an increase of 5 nm intervals. The results of this study showed that the best nanoemulgel value was found in formula 1 (F1) 5% of 42.17. The SPF value with a concentration of 3% is 12.19 (maximum protection category), 4% is 15.46 (ultra category), and 5% is 11.33 (maximum category). The conclusion from the study of nanoemulgel extracts of keji beling and kelor leaves has the potential to be used as a sunscreen preparation.

Creating a system of tennis player development to establish and sustain a nation's competitive performance is a problem faced by many countries. This research attempts to implement the value chain structure of tennis player development and the tennis player pathway developed by Cakravastia and Setiawan (2022). This paper develops a partial least squares model by analysing the data of 41 countries from the ITF Global Report (2021). The results of this study identify Total tennis coaches and Total tennis courts in a country have a significant effect on the number of total tennis players in that country. This study confirmed there is a significant relationship between the total number of tennis players, the total number of junior players, the total number of pro players, and the total number of players representing a country in the Grand Slam main draw.

un mediador entre la tradicin y las tendencias modernistas de su tiempo, innovando el nacionalismo musical acadmico inspirado en el folklore ecuatoriano con la tcnica dodecafnica

Global warming is the increase in temperature in the atmosphere, sea and land. The increase in carbon or greenhouse gases is one of the causes of global warming. One solution to reduce the presence of greenhouse gases is to increase carbon stock. Beach is home to the richest ecosystems in the world and many components of the vegetation that store large amounts of carbon stock. Carbon compounds in the atmosphere are absorbed and metabolized. The metabolic products are stored in tree biomass. One of the trees that can be relied on as a stock carbon is those located at Cemara Sewu Beach, Cilacap. Cemara Sewu Beach is one of the beach that has a relatively large amount of stored carbon potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the carbon stored in several types of trees at Cemara Sewu Beach. The method used in this study is a survey method with purposive sampling using without destroying. The sampling of Australian pine tree stands is grouped into certain diameter class. The coastal area was made into three research stations and each study was made into 5 replicated plots measuring 20 m x 20 m and placed on a transect line with a distance of 5 meters each. All of the Australian pine were plotted as samples. The independent variable in this study was the diameter class of Australian pine, while the dependent variable was carbon stock. The main parameters observed were tree density, trunk diameter and the number of individuals for each tree species were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with an error rate of 5%. The results of the research on the diameter class of Australian pine greatly affect the presence of biomass and carbon stock. The results obtained that carbon stocks in diameter class 15-20 store 74,914 ton.ha-1, diameter class 21-25 as many as 164,599 ton.ha-1, diameter class 26-30 as many as 270,372 ton.ha-1, diameter class 31-35 store stocks carbon 462,478 ton.ha- 1 and in the diameter class 36-40 store as much as 462,478 ton.ha-1. The larger the class diameter, the greater the carbon stock produced. The diameter class of Australian pine stands has a relationship between biomass and carbon stock, and has an exponential relationship.