National Technological University

Several studies have established a strong association between Bayès Syndrome and multiple cardiovascular and neurological conditions. As it represents a potential risk for patients, its detection at an early stage is considered relevant. The morphology of the electrocardiogram (EKG) P wave is related to the detection of this syndrome. There are numerous works that detect and characterize the P wave. However, they are grounded in pure mathematical techniques. While effective, such methods often entail substantial costs in terms of computational time, particularly for screening applications in big data contexts. Our approach combines the robustness of wave characterization through the use of polynomial regression to identify relevant aspects of morphology. Clustering methods have been analyzed to classify the P wave: K-Means++ and fast autonomous unsupervised multidimensional (FAUM) using the polynomial coefficients as features. The obtained clustering and classification metrics for 49 P-waves show that the F1 Score = 1.00 with k = 3 and polynomial degree = 3. On the other hand, FAUM significantly enhances temporal efficiency compared to other implementations of K-Means++, making it particularly suitable for applications involving large sample sizes.

Quaternary Ni-Zn-Mg-Al metallic mixed oxide (MMO) catalysts were synthesized by co-precipitation from layered double hydroxide precursors. The effect of varying Zn content on physicochemical properties and catalytic performance was evaluated. Mg-Al and ternary Ni-Mg-Al and Zn-Mg-Al catalysts were synthetized for comparative purposes. XRD, N2 sorption, MP-AES, CO2-TPD, NH3-TPD, SEM, and EDS characterized the materials’ physicochemical properties. The tested reaction was the transesterification between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate to obtain glycerol carbonate to improve the biodiesel industry. The catalyst containing both Ni and Zn showed the highest glycerol conversion among the evaluated materials. This was related to the increased number and strength of surface basic and acid active sites. Specifically, a high density of strong basic sites and acid ones in the quaternary catalysts was required for the reaction mechanism. The catalyst with 20 at% of Zn (MMO-Ni15Zn20) achieved the highest glycerol carbonate yield (89.6%) under mild reaction conditions and was solvent-free. MMO-Ni15Zn20 catalytic performance was associated with its high total basicity and predominance of strong basic sites and a moderate amount of acid sites. The differences observed between catalytic performances suggest that these results depend on the influence of structural, textural, acid, and basic properties. Reuse tests of the MMO-Ni15Zn20 catalyst showed moderate stability, with a progressive decrease in activity due to the loss of strong basic sites and the formation of agglomerated regions. Nevertheless, MMO-Ni15Zn20 maintained a GC selectivity of 100% in the successive cycles.

A purely relational definition of entropy based on counting synchronized pairs between chronodynes. It measures the internal disorder of a system without relying on absolute temporal references or statistical hypotheses.

The minimum time value that every physical interaction must naturally consume. It is an intrinsic property of reality that ensures causality is a successive process rather than a superposition of simultaneous events