National University of Cajamarca

Understanding student feedback is essential for informing pedagogical strategies and institutional decision-making in higher education. Sentiment analysis offers scalable mechanisms for extracting insights from open-ended student evaluations; however, many existing approaches prioritize technical performance without sufficient consideration of contextual and institutional constraints, particularly in underrepresented regions. This study proposes a context-aware framework for sentiment analysis of student feedback, designed to support educational decision-making within Latin American universities. Rather than introducing new algorithms, the framework systematically evaluates established machine learning and deep learning models through a multi-phase process that includes data preprocessing, Bayesian optimization, threshold calibration, and class balancing. The framework is validated using authentic Spanish-language student feedback collected from a public university in Peru. Experimental results indicate that while advanced models can achieve strong predictive performance, simpler and more interpretable approaches often provide comparable institutional value when deployment feasibility, computational efficiency, and transparency are considered. These findings highlight that marginal performance gains do not necessarily translate into meaningful advantages for routine educational use. Overall, this work contributes a replicable and resource-sensitive framework that bridges learning analytics research and practical educational application. By prioritizing contextual suitability and interpretability, the proposed approach enables higher education institutions to leverage student sentiment data as an actionable input for continuous improvement and evidence-based educational strategies.

El estudio analiza la eficiencia operativa en la cosecha de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) en la empresa Agroindustrial Pucalá SAA de la región Lambayeque. El objetivo general fue determinar eficiencias en las operaciones mecanizadas de siete (7) campos de caña de azúcar: en el corte, arrume – carguío y transporte. Las eficiencias del corte fueron 91% y 95% para tiempo y trabajo, respectivamente, con una capacidad efectiva de 0,92 t/h. En el arrume-carguío, los valores fueron 74% y 93%, con una capacidad de 25,44 t/h, mientras que el transporte alcanzó una capacidad promedio de 10,45 t/h. Para cumplir con una molienda de 3000 t/día, se requieren 491 cortadores, 7 arrumadores-cargadores y 16 tráileres de 45 t. Además, se diseñaron hojas de cálculo interactivas para monitorear eficiencias y costos operativos; éstos últimos se estimaron en 8,65 NS/t para el corte, 19,17 NS/t para el arrume-carguío y 51,63 NS/t para el transporte. Se diseñaron cuatro hojas electrónicas vinculadas para su uso en tiempo real en la administración de las operaciones de cosecha. Este análisis provee datos clave para mejorar la gestión operativa y reducir costos en la cosecha.

The present study examined the impact of agricultural exports on economic growth in Lambayeque, Peru, during the period 2010–2023. An ordinary least squares (OLS) econometric model was employed to analyze the relationship between gross value added (GVA) and key macroeconomic variables, including agricultural exports, private investment, real wages, terms of trade, and the real multilateral exchange rate. The findings indicate that the model possesses considerable explanatory power (R2 = 0.973) and that agricultural exports exert a positive and significant influence on regional GVA. In addition, private investment and real wages demonstrate positive elasticities, while terms of trade exhibit a negative relationship with regional economic growth. This highlights Lambayeque’s vulnerability to external price shocks. The study thus underscores the pivotal role of the Olmos Project, which has been instrumental in transforming arid land into fruitful agricultural zones through the implementation of an irrigation system encompassing over 22,000 hectares. This initiative has not only augmented agricultural exports, accounting for an impressive 90% of Lambayeque’s supply, but also contributed significantly to regional economic development by supporting employment generation and poverty reduction. Nevertheless, the presence of negative terms of trade indicates that the regional economy exhibits structural vulnerability in the face of external shocks. Notwithstanding the intrinsic limitations of regional, trade, and macroeconomic statistics, an understanding of the correlation between agro-exports and economic growth in a paradigmatic region of northern Peru provides substantial evidence for formulating policies to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of the agro-export model.

La administración de medicamentos por vía oral representa uno de los procesos más frecuentes y sensibles en la práctica de enfermería, al constituir un componente esencial en la seguridad del paciente y en la eficacia terapéutica. Este estudio, de enfoque descriptivo y documental, analizó dieciséis investigaciones publicadas entre 2019 y 2025 en bases de datos como Scielo, Redalyc y Google Académico, con el objetivo de identificar los errores más comunes, los protocolos aplicados y el rol del personal de enfermería en la prevención de eventos adversos. Los resultados evidencian que los errores más frecuentes se relacionan con dosis inadecuadas, fallos en la identificación del paciente y omisiones en los horarios de administración, problemas que se incrementan ante la sobrecarga laboral, la fatiga y la ausencia de protocolos claros. También se comprobó que la implementación de listas de verificación, el cumplimiento de los “diez correctos”, la capacitación continua y la farmacovigilancia reducen significativamente la ocurrencia de incidentes. Se concluye que la seguridad del paciente no depende únicamente de la responsabilidad individual del profesional, sino de la interacción entre protocolos claros, apoyo institucional, formación continua y un marco legal sólido que garantice servicios de calidad. Asimismo, el personal de enfermería se confirma como un agente clave en la prevención de errores y en la educación del paciente, consolidándose como garante esencial de la calidad asistencial.

Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, with treatments such as coronary artery bypass surgery seeking to restore arterial flow. Traditionally, this procedure is performed via sternotomy, with significant recovery times and risks. For this reason, minimally invasive surgery (MIDCAB) has emerged as a promising alternative, reducing complications. This work evaluates the benefits and limitations of MIDCAB. METHODS: A search was conducted in SCOPUS, PUBMED and SCIELO for studies published between 2020 and 2025, in Spanish and English, with open access, cohort and retrospective studies that addressed mortality rates, perioperative complications, hospitalization and recovery times. The final synthesis was based on 20 articles after filtering. RESULTS show that MIDCAB has low perioperative mortality rates (0.6%-3.5%) and limited complications, such as stroke (0%-2.3%) and perioperative myocardial infarction (0.6%-1, 6%). Hospitalization and recovery times were also shorter, with average ICU stays of 0.4 to 6.6 days. In the long term, MIDCAB showed a 10-year survival of 94.3%, highlighting its durability and effectiveness. CONCLUSION, MIDCAB represents a safe and effective option for coronary revascularization, especially in patients at high surgical risk or with limitations for more invasive procedures. However, the heterogeneity in the studies and the predominance of retrospective designs underscore the need for more robust prospective investigations to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice.

El uso generalizado de las tecnologías digitales en los universitarios y la importancia de garantizar una educación de calidad ha orientado a este estudio, cuyo objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la adicción a tecnologías digitales y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Ingeniería Sanitaria de una universidad pública en Cajamarca, Perú. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, con diseño no experimental transeccional correlacional y de tipo aplicativo, en una muestra de 110 estudiantes seleccionada mediante muestreo aleatorio simple (error 5%, confianza 95%). Se emplearon instrumentos validados, incluyendo un cuestionario sobre adicción tecnológica (confiabilidad excelente, α=0.93) y registros académicos de Matemáticas. Los análisis mediante Chi-cuadrado de Pearson evidenciaron que, mientras la adicción a internet no mostró una asociación significativa con el rendimiento (χ²=6.870, p=0.143), la adicción a redes sociales (χ²=13.354, p<0.05), a videojuegos (χ²=11.235, p<0.05) y al teléfono móvil (χ²=14.246, p<0.05) se relacionaron negativa y significativamente con un menor rendimiento académico. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones diferenciadas que regulen el uso específico de ciertas tecnologías digitales en el contexto universitario peruano.

Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), a resilient and underutilized Andean tuber, is a high-potential nutritional and functional food innovation resource. This review surveys information on the nutritional composition, bioactive profile, and functional properties of the tuber based on a comprehensive literature search conducted in the Scopus database. The search strategy employed eight Boolean operators combining the following terms: ("Tropaeolum tuberosum" OR "mashua") AND ("bioactive compounds" OR "functional properties" OR "glucosinolates" OR "antioxidant activity" OR "food processing"). The review included English-language research articles published between 2000 and 2025. Its diverse constituents, such as glucosinolates, phenolics, and anthocyanins, have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Technologies such as freeze-drying, microencapsulation, and 3D printing make it easier to preserve these bioactive components and ensure their use in novel food products. Although Mashua has potential, its widespread adoption remains limited by its distinct sensory characteristics and the lack of clinical validation regarding its effect on human health. To extract the full potential of mashua as a functional ingredient for the global food industry, consensus evidence exists around the need for standardized analytical methodologies, technological innovation, and sustainable value chain development.

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the experiences of university students who simultaneously balance work and study in a private university in Lima, a growing phenomenon within Latin American higher education. In a context marked by socioeconomic disparities and the increasing privatization of education, this population faces significant tensions that affect their academic, personal, and emotional well-being. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, through structured interviews with three working students selected by convenience sampling. The testimonies were subjected to a manual coding process, considering a priori categories related to their comprehensive experience in university life. The findings show that the dual burden generates high levels of physical fatigue and stress, hindering the fulfillment of academic demands. However, benefits were also identified, such as the strengthening of resilience, autonomy, and satisfaction derived from personal and economic growth. Participants pointed out the existence of institutional gaps: insufficient regulations to respond to the needs of those who work, lack of flexibility in attendance policies, and limited recognition of their complex routines. Additionally, perceptions of faculty attitudes varied from empathy and support to rigidity and low understanding of their daily reality. Regarding improvement proposals, students suggested flexible scheduling, technological enhancements in classrooms, faculty accompaniment sensitive to student diversity, and a review of working conditions associated with pre-professional internships, all aimed at ensuring a sustainable and equitable academic trajectory. The study concludes that private universities must urgently adopt inclusive policies based on student heterogeneity. Recognizing the demands of those who study and work not only promotes comprehensive well-being but also strengthens their persistence and academic success within contemporary higher education.

Essential oils (EOs) are mixtures of aromatic and volatile compounds. Owing to their biological properties, they are of increasing interest in the food industry as a viable alternative to natural additives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biological activity of EOs extracted from eight plant species growing in northeastern Peru in relation to their chemical composition. EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation and evaluated for antibacterial activity, antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content. Chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the extraction yield was evaluated in two seasons of the year. The extraction yields varied from 0.04 to 1.50%, according to the species, with greater seasonal variation observed during the rainy season. The chemical compounds identified included monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, benzene derivatives, fatty acids and derivatives, diterpenes, and phenylpropanoids. The EOs of Magnolia jaenensis, Piper amalago, Piper glabribaccum, and Tesaria integrifolia demonstrated high antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, while the other EOs, such as Magnolia manguillo and Zanthoxylum fagara, showed intermediate activity. However, all EOs had low performance against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. The EOs from T. integrifolia, Piper aduncum, M. manguillo, M. jaenensis, and P. glabribaccum had high antioxidant activity. The EOs with the best biological performance were T. integrifolia, M. jaenensis, and P. glabribaccum.