Nature Conservation Centre

Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major contributor to adverse perinatal outcomes and is primarily driven by placental insufficiency and chronic fetal hypoxia. While arterial Doppler abnormalities are widely used in clinical surveillance, less is known about venous hemodynamics and intracardiac structural adaptations in FGR. In particular, the clinical relevance of foramen ovale (FO) morphometry and inferior vena cava (IVC) Doppler parameters in different FGR phenotypes remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate FO measurements and IVC Doppler indices in early- and late-onset FGR and to investigate their associations with adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: This prospective observational study included 240 singleton pregnancies: 120 fetuses with FGR and 120 gestational age-matched appropriate-for-gestational-age controls. FGR was defined according to Delphi consensus criteria and classified as early onset (<32 weeks) or late onset (≥32 weeks). Ultrasonographic assessment included FO and right atrium dimensions, FO-to-right atrium (FO/RA) ratio, IVC diameter, and IVC Doppler indices (pulsatility index [PI], preload index [PLI], and peak velocity index for veins [PVIV]). A composite adverse perinatal outcome (CAPO) was recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results: Compared with controls, fetuses with FGR exhibited significantly smaller FO dimensions, lower FO/RA ratios, reduced IVC diameters, and higher IVC Doppler indices (all p < 0.05). The FO/RA ratio demonstrated the highest discriminative performance for CAPO (AUC 0.722). In multivariable analysis, a 0.1-unit increase in the FO/RA ratio was independently associated with a reduced risk of CAPO (OR 0.57), whereas higher IVC PI values were associated with an increased risk (OR 2.64). IVC Doppler alterations were less pronounced in early-onset FGR. Conclusions: FO morphometry and IVC Doppler parameters reflect complementary stages of fetal cardiovascular adaptation in fetal growth restriction, with FO changes representing early adaptive responses and IVC Doppler alterations indicating more advanced hemodynamic compromise, and this may provide additional value for perinatal risk stratification.

O artigo analisa a situação de insegurança alimentar (IA) e segurança alimentar (SA) no Brasil, destacando seus condicionantes e a ocorrência desigual entre grupos populacionais. A partir de dados de uma pesquisa de opinião de 2020, o conceito de desigualdades alimentares é utilizado para interpretar os resultados, considerando três dimensões: multidimensionalidade, escalas espaciais e marcadores interseccionais. Também é examinado o papel do Bolsa Família e do Auxílio Emergencial na mitigação da IA. Conclui-se que as crises econômica e política, agravadas pela pandemia, intensificaram a IA, especialmente entre grupos vulneráveis, e que, apesar de políticas públicas atenuarem seus efeitos, foram insuficientes para mitigar a IA, o que sugere a necessidade de políticas mais robustas.

Global adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) represents a significant transformation that enhances the harmonization of accounting practices and the comparability of financial statements. In this study, the relationship between countries’ levels of IFRS adoption and global competitiveness indicators is investigated using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and discriminant analysis to comprehensively examine this transformation. Data from 86 countries are analyzed, revealing significant differences in several competitiveness indicators based on IFRS adoption levels. The MANOVA results indicate that countries with full or partial IFRS adoption generally exhibit higher institutional quality, infrastructure, and information and communication technology adoption rates. The discriminant analysis classifies countries based on their IFRS adoption levels with an accuracy rate of 77.9%, demonstrating that these adoption levels play a critical role in determining the relevant indicators. The findings suggest that adopting IFRS can enhance economic performance and institutional quality providing valuable insights for policymakers.

data contributions. We would like to thank Australian Wildlife Conservancy for their major contribution to the data collected in Cape York (Piccaninny Plains), Central Kimberley (Mornington) and Scotia Sanctuary. In particular, the Australian Wildlife Conservancy's role in generating the Cape York data was under-referenced. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions made to our study from two open access studies: (1) https:// libra ry. dbca. wa. gov.

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Abstract It can be challenging to distinguish management impacts from other population drivers, including ‘natural’ processes and co-occurring threats. However, disentangling processes is important, particularly when management may have unintended consequences, such as mesopredator release. We explored the effects of long-term, broadscale poison-baiting programs on the distribution of red foxesVulpes vulpes(targeted invasive predator), feral catsFelis catus(unmanaged invasive competitor) and two of their threatened native prey in two fire-affected regions of south-eastern Australia. We synthesised data from 3667 camera-trap deployments at 1232 sites (172,052 trap-nights), combining experimental manipulation of foxes and fire with space-for-time approaches. Fox control effectiveness—in terms of decreased probability of fox occurrence and increased probability of prey occurrence—depended on the duration and intensity of the poison-baiting program. The effects of fox control on prey occurrence also varied between the two native prey species: fox control was strongly beneficial to the long-nosed potorooPotorous tridactylusbut had no measurable effect on southern brown bandicootIsoodon obesulusoccurrence. Feral cat occupancy tended to be higher in landscapes with long-term fox control, although we found no effect of fox-bait density on fine-scale cat occurrence. Time since fire (0–80 years) was associated with the occurrence of each study species, but its association with invasive predators also differed among vegetation types. Invasive predators and altered fire regimes are key, often overlapping, biodiversity threats. Our work highlights the importance of fine-scale monitoring and consideration of multiple drivers in distribution models to develop effective, tailored conservation strategies.