Netcare Jakaranda Hospital

The complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are dyslipidaemia, hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis, anaemia, and bone and mineraldisorders. Dyslipidaemia may be treated with low-density lipoprotein-lowering agents. Statins are ineffective in stages 4 and 5 CKD, but areindicated for preventing the progression of disease in the earlier stages. Chronic acidosis has recently been shown to be a risk factor in theprogression of CKD renal dysfunction. Therefore, treatment is mandatory. Practically, this should consist of 1 - 2 heaped teaspoons of sodiumbicarbonate 2 - 3 times per day, which is an inexpensive and safe therapy that does not raise the blood pressure in spite of the increased sodiumlevel. Target levels of haemoglobin, according to international guidelines, are between 10 g/dL and 12 g/dL. The serum phosphate level is raisedin stage 4 CKD, and especially in stage 5 CKD, which is associated with coronary carotid and other vascular calcifications and may result inischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. A raised parathyroid hormone level (secondary hyperparathyroidism) is also a majorrisk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased hypertension and resistance to the treatment of CKD-associated anaemia.

Maatskaplike werkers behoort ʼn belangrike rol te speel in dienslewering aan slagoffers van mensehandel en om hulle in aanraking te bring met die nodige hulpbronne. In hierdie ondersoek is die kennis en persepsies van maatskaplike werkers van verskillende organisasies ingewin ten einde vas te stel wat maatskaplike werkers se persepsies oor mensehandel is en wat hulle as hul rol in die bekamping van mensehandel beskou. In hierdie verkennende studie word die probleemstelling eerstens aangebied, waarna die navorsingsvrae, doelstelling en doelwitte ter sprake kom. Die benutte navorsings-metodologie binne die kwalitatiewe paradigma word hierna bespreek voordat die bevindinge aangebied word. Die bevindinge word in ʼn aantal temas en sub-temas verwoord, waarna die bespreking van die bevindinge, die aanbevelings en ʼn samevatting ter sprake kom.