New Mongol Institute of Technology

Objective: Optic disc edema (ODE) is a critical clinical sign that often marks the initial manifestation of a vision- or life-threatening systemic disease, depending on its underlying etiology. This first Mongolian observational study defines the demographic characteristics, etiologies, and clinical features of ODE, assessing diagnostic reassessment as a challenge for multiple specialties. Methods: We conducted a 5-year retrospective–prospective observational study with reassessment to evaluate etiologies, clinical features, and visual outcomes. Results: Seventy patients (90 eyes) with optic disc edema were included in the analysis. Demyelinating optic neuritis (36.4%) predominated in younger females, ischemic cases (44.4%) in older patients, and infectious causes (26.9%, syphilis) in males. Inflammatory etiologies were mostly uveitis. Baseline vision was poor, with 20% presenting with profound impairment (Visual acuity (VA)≤20/400). Severe loss (<6/120) was most frequent in demyelinating cases (72.2%). Visual recovery was most significant in demyelinating and inflammatory cases, and minimal in ischemic cases, with initial BCVA being the strongest prognostic factor (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that optic disc edema shows a diverse age-related etiologic spectrum, with demyelinating and ischemic causes predominating, with differing prognoses and a high burden of infectious (mainly syphilis) and uveitis cases. Initial visual acuity was the key prognostic factor, emphasizing the importance of systemic screening and multidisciplinary care.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques with medical kits has revolutionized disease diagnosis, enabling rapid and accurate identification of various conditions. We developed a novel deep learning model, namely DeepATsers based on a combination of CNN and GAN to employ a one-pot SERS biosensor to rapidly detect COVID-19 infection. The model accurately identifies each SARS-CoV-2 protein (S protein, N protein, VLP protein, Streptavidin protein, and blank signal) from its experimental fingerprint-like spectral data introduced in this study. Several augmentation techniques such as EMSA, Gaussian-noise, GAN, and K-fold cross-validation, and their combinations were utilized for the SERS spectral dataset generalization and prevented model overfitting. The original experimental dataset of 126 spectra was augmented to 780 spectra that resembled the original set by using GAN with a low KL divergence value of 0.02. This significantly improves the average accuracy of protein classification from 0.6000 to 0.9750. The deep learning model deployed optimal hyperparameters and outperformed in most measurements comparing supervised machine learning methods such as RF, GBM, SVM, and KNN, both with and without augmented spectral datasets. For model training, a whole range of spectra wavenumbers ( to ) as well as wavenumbers ( and ) only for fingerprint peak spectra were employed. The former led to highly accurate 0.9750 predictions in comparison to 0.4318 for the latter one. Finally, independent experimental spectra of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant were used in the model verification. Thus, DeepATsers can be considered a robust, generalized, and generative deep learning framework for 1D SERS spectral datasets of SARS-CoV-2.

To compare long-term changes in endothelial cell loss (ECL) in different corneal regions after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) or conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS). Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. Single-center retrospective study. Adult patients who received a premium IOL via FLACS or CPS were included. Patients with an endothelial count less than 1,500 cells/mm2, NO5/NC5 nuclear sclerosis, and complications during surgery were excluded. All patients were followed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. ECL was measured at different positions of the cornea: Position 1, the corneal center; Position 2, nearest the main corneal incision; and Position 3, the peripheral region opposite the main wound. 48 eyes in the CPS group and 40 eyes in the FLACS group from 75 patients were included. In both groups, ECL was consistently greater at Position 2, and ECL at Positions 1 and 3 remained relatively stable across all time points. At postoperative 3 months at Position 3: the FLACS group had significantly lower ECL than the CPS group. However, at Position 2, ECL continued to increase until 6 months and then stabilized. No significant differences in other endothelial parameters, including the coefficient of variation, percentage of hexagonal cells, or corneal thickness, were observed between the two groups. A significant difference in ECL between FLACS and CPS occurred only in the early postoperative period. ECL was highest near the main wound in both groups; it peaked at 6 months postoperatively and stabilized thereafter.

Researchers of traditional Mongolian medicine have been intensively studying the number of Mamba datsan (Medical schools) with treasure houses called Manal jas, Otoch jas, and Mamba jas that existed in Mongolia before the 20th century. In addition, research works have been underway to identify the names of the repressed lama doctors and maarambas since 1937 and to study their biographies and medical works. Within the framework of this research work, we conducted a study for the first time to identify the old Mamba datsan and monasteries with treasure houses of the Manal, Otoch, and Mamba established in Ömnögovi aimag, one of Mongolia’s 21 Aimags. In conducting this study, we first compiled a list of the number of Mamba datsan, treasure houses of the Manal, Otoch, and Mamba of the monasteries and temples established in Ömnögovi aimag. After that, the GPS navigation determines the geographical coordinates of the monasteries and temples also their location in real-time, including latitude and longitude, at the current time. Then, a 1:650000 scale map of the area was drawn and processed. Finally, the map of the monastery with the Mamba datsan, treasure houses of the Manal, Otoch, and Mamba, was taken and verified, and the date of its establishment, description, and the names, biographies, and works of some lama doctors and maarambas who lived in the monastery were clarified. Conclusion: In the territory of present-day Ömnögovi aimag, 22 old monasteries and 24 temples established since the mid 20th century were identified, and a new 1:650,000 scale map of their location was drawn, creating the opportunity to use them in future training and research. Conclusion: In the territory of present-day Ömnögovi aimag, 22 old monasteries and 24 temples established since the mid-20th century were identified, and a new 1:650,000 scale map of their location was drawn, creating the opportunity to use them in future training and research.

Measuring the effectiveness of treatment in terms of service quality rather than price increases is important to increase the validity of service productivity measurements. Researchers attribute low productivity growth in healthcare to productivity measurement. This is because most of the increase in healthcare productivity is not cost reduction, but quality improvement. After all, indicators such as switching from inpatient to outpatient care are not included in the productivity measurement. Measurement of treatment outcomes and quality is one of the major challenges in measuring the productivity of health services. Measuring the effectiveness of treatment after a certain period by the quality of service, rather than by price increases, would increase the validity of service productivity measurements. Measuring productivity in healthcare without quality indicators reduces the validity of the measurement. Therefore, quality-adjusted measurement of healthcare productivity is important to account for objective outcomes. Төрийн үйлчилгээний бүтээмжийн хэмжилтэд гарцын индекс чухал болох нь Эмчилгээний үр нөлөөг үнийн өсөлтөөр биш, үйлчилгээний чанараар хэмжих нь үйлчилгээний бүтээмжийн хэмжилтийн бодит байдлыг нэмэгдүүлэх чухал ач холбогдолтой. Cудлаачид эрүүл мэндийн салбарын бүтээмжийн өсөлт бага байгаа шалтгааныг бүтээмжийн хэмжилттэй холбож тайлбарладаг. Эрүүл мэндийн үйлчилгээний бүтээмжийн өсөлтийн ихэнхи хувийг өртгийн бууралт биш харин чанарын сайжруулалт эзэлдэг нь хэвтэн эмчлүүлэгчээс амбулаторийн эмчилгээнд шилжих зэрэг үзүүлэлтийг бүтээмжийн хэмжилтэнд тооцдоггүйтэй холбоотой. Эмчилгээний үр дүн, чанарын хэмжилт нь эрүүл мэндийн үйлчилгээний бүтээмжийг хэмжихэд тулгардаг томоохон бэрхшээлүүдийн нэг юм. Тодорхой хугацааны дараах эмчилгээний үр нөлөөг үнийн өсөлтөөр биш, үйлчилгээний чанараар хэмжих нь үйлчилгээний бүтээмжийн хэмжилтийн бодит байдлыг нэмэгдүүлэх ач холбогдолтой. Эрүүл мэндийн салбарын бүтээмжийн хэмжилтийг чанарын үзүүлэлтгүй тооцох нь хэмжилтийн бодит байдлыг багасгадаг. Тиймээс, эрүүл мэндийн үйлчилгээний бүтээмжийг чанарын тохируулгатай хэмжих нь үр дүнг бодитой тооцох ач холбогдолтой. Түлхүүр үг: Бүтээмж, төрийн үйлчилгээний бүтээмж, бүтээмжийн хэмжилт, чанарын тохируулга

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary viral infectious disease in cattle caused by a Capripoxvirus. LSD has been recently introduced in some Asian countries. However,in Mongolia, no report of LSD is publicly available. We clinically examined LSD symptoms in 1,034 cattle from 4 soum (district) in Dornod province in Mongolia. Sixty-one cattle of them wereconfirmed with symptoms of LSD and then viral P32 gene was detected by a PCR. The overall prevalence of LSD in cattle was 5.9%. Females odds ratios (OR)=2.27 than males,adults (>2.5-years-old, OR=3.68) than young (1–2.5-years-old) and calves (<1-year-old) were at higher risks for LSD cases in Mongolia, while locations near the tube well and pond waterare major risk areas for viral transmission due to density of insects often is high. For virus isolation, skin nodule tissue samples of 4 cattle located in four distinct soums were used forviral propagation using the MDBK cell line. Internal terminal repeat region and RPO30 gene of 4 Mongolian isolates were amplified and sequenced. In the phylogenetic trees,Mongolian LSDVs (2021) were clustered together with the Chinese (2020) and Vietnamese isolates (2020). This is the first report alarming the LSD outbreak in Mongolia that was confirmed byour study. The newly isolated viruses would be a useful base for developing diagnostic tools and inactivated vaccine technology. A large-scale study of LSD is next priority for establishingsuccessful control strategy of further disease outbreak.

We estimate U.S. organic farmers’ marginal willingness to pay to rent an acre of certified organic land relative to conventional farmland. Using a selection-on-observables design and farm-level data on farmland rental rates, organic status, and many conditioning variables, we address the role of profitability in mediating the effect of organic status. We find a 26% rental rate premium for organic farmland not driven by higher profits on organic farms. This premium is a modest incentive for landowners but a barrier for tenants to convert to organic farming practices, which may explain limited growth in U.S. organic acreage.

Cet article s’intéresse à l’engouement actuel pour l’époque des Hünnü (Xiongnu, iiie siècle AEC-iie siècle EC) en république de Mongolie contemporaine, en particulier à partir des grandes commémorations du « 2 220e anniversaire de la fondation du premier empire des steppes » en 2011. Les Mongols revendiquent aujourd’hui les Hünnü comme leurs ancêtres, et traduisent « Hünnü » par « Hun » dans les langues européennes : comme les Mongols de Gengis khan, ils (leurs descendants supposés) auraient envahi l’Europe. À tous points de vue, l’empire Hünnü apparaît comme le précurseur de l’empire gengiskhanide : on fait remonter aux Hünnü, outre l’invention de l’empire, un grand nombre de traits de la culture matérielle (arc, selle, yourte, marques du bétail, vêtement…), les institutions civiles et militaires, les jeux du Naadam, le code de loi, la « démocratie guerrière », le chamanisme et le culte du Ciel que l’on attribuait jadis à Gengis khan. Cet article propose d’étudier les discours et représentations des Hünnü en Mongolie contemporaine et leur exploitation commerciale, à partir d’entretiens qualitatifs, de manuels scolaires, d’ouvrages historiques, d’articles de presse, de blogs et sites internet et d’expositions muséales. Nous nous pencherons sur le rôle des archéologues et historiens dans la diffusion de cette mode, et sur sa réappropriation par des marques commerciales, les arts de la scène et en particulier par la mode vestimentaire.

The paper presents the study on the prospects of the exploration for hydrothermal geological reservoirs in the Mongol-Baikal region using geophysical methods. For the purpose of the study, the following methods have been used: transient electromagnetic sounding, vertical electromagnetic sounding, and induced polarization method. The above methods have proved effective in the selecting the objects with contrast resistivity at various depths. The low resistance (5-10 Om·m) of the hard rock can be caused by the presence of fractured zones with high-temperature mineralized solutions, i.e hydrothermal reservoirs. As a result of the surface geophysical studies carried out at different depths at the reference site (Shivert hydrotherm deposit, Arkhangai aimak, Mongolia) and at the prospective site in the vicinity of Sangiyin-Tolgoi volcano (7-8 km from the regional center Tsetserlag), hydrothermal geological reservoirs isolated from the day surface have been identified. The Shivert hydrothermal deposits with a temperature of 67 °С have been brought to the surface with shallow boreholes up to 78 m deep. At the prospective site located within the internal deflection of the Khangai synclinorium, the hydrothermal geological reservoir is at a depth of over 700 m. A 400 m deep borehole drilled in this section brought the pressure water with a temperature of up to 16 ºС to the surface in spite of the cold water influx in the lower 100-meter interval. The thermal state of the underground hydrosphere of the Khangai arch uplift has been estimated using hydrogeochemical geothermometers, based on the chemical composition of more than 20 thermal sources. The underground hydrosphere of the Khangai arch uplift with its high temperatures associated with magmatogene thermal anomaly is of great practical interest. The thermal waters of the Mongol-Baikal region are concentrated in the thermal effluent fault zones and in the presence of overlapping sedimentary deposits, do not always make their way to the day surface. The above geophysical methods are suitable for the exploration for such hydrothermal reservoirs.

In recent years, due to the growing interest in natural products, plant essential oils have come more into the focus of phytomedicine [1,2]. Essential oils, one of the secondary metabolites in plants, are mixture of volatile organic compounds. They are used as food preservatives, additives, and natural remedies for food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and agriculture sectors [2,3].In this study, we have investigated chemical characterization of needle essential oil from wild growing Juniperus sibirica in Mongolia and its antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities. In the essential oil of Juniperus sibirica needle, 78 compounds were identified. Among them α-pinene (48.6%), limonene + phellandrene (9.6%), myrtenyl acetate (4.03%), myrcene (3.3%) and β-pinene (3.0%) were identified as major constituents. This oil owned inhibitory activity against Bacillus. subtilis, Staphylococcus. aureus and Aspergillus. niger with 21, 17 and 11 mm clear zones. In addition, the oil at 50 μg/mL inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cell by 35.3% and at 100 μg/mL by 44.5%, respectively.The essential oil of Mongolian Juniperus sabina would be used as a preservative material in cosmetic and food products, as a bioactive agent in anti-inflammatory and wound healing products because of the determined antibacterial activity. In further, a detailed study on its anti-cancer and activity against pathogenic micro-organisms are necessary due to the promising anti-proliferative activity in breast cancer cell (MCF 7).&#x0D; Ямаан арц (Juniperus sibirica)-ны эфирийн тосны химийн бүрэлдэхүүн, бичил биетний эсрэг, хөхний хорт хавдрын (MCF 7) эсийн өсөлтийг дарангуйлах идэвхийн судалгаа&#x0D; Хураангуй: Сүүлийн жилүүдэд эфирийн тосны эрэлт ихсэж, тэдгээрийн хими, биологийн судалгаа эрчимтэй хийгдэх боллоо [1,2]. Эфирийн тос нь үнэртэн, гоо сайхан, шүдний эмчилгээ, хөдөө аж ахуйн бүтээгдэхүүн, ариутгагч бэлдмэл, хүнсний хадгалалтыг уртасгах, амт үнэр оруулах нэмэлт болон байгалийн гаралтай эмийн түүхий эдээр өргөн ашиглагддаг дэгдэмхий нэгдлүүдийн хольцоос тогтох ургамлын хоёрдогч метаболитуудын нэг юм [2,3].Бид энэхүү судалгаагаар Монголын ямаан арцны шилмүүсний эфирийн тосны химийн бүрэлдэхүүн, бичил биетний эсрэг, хөхний хорт хавдрын MCF 7 эсийг дарангуйлах идэвхийг тодорхойллоо. Ямаан арцны шилмүүсний эфирийн тосонд 78 бүрэлдэхүүн бодис илэрснээс -пинен-48.6%, лимонен+фелландрен-9.6%, миртенил ацетат-4.0%, β-пинен-3.0%, мирцен-3.6%, ∆3-карен- 3.4% зонхилон агуулагдаж байв. Энэ тосны бичил биетний эсрэг идэвхийг агар диффузын аргаар тодорхойлоход B.subtilis, S.aureus, A.niger бичил биетнүүдийн ургалтыг 21, 17, 11мм хүрээ үүсгэн дарангуйлсан бол MTT аргаар MCF-7 хөхний хорт хавдрын эсийн өсөлтийг дарангуйлах идэвхийг тодорхойлоход 50 мкг/мл тундаа 37.3%, 100 мкг /мл тундаа 44.5% дарангуйлав.Монголын ямаан арцны эфирийн тосыг түүний бичил биетний эсрэг идэвхэд үндэслэн гоо сайхан, хүнсний бүтээгдэхүүний хадгалалтыг уртасгах, идээт үрэвсэл, яр шархны эсрэг бэлдмэлийн биоидэвхт түүхий эдээр ашиглаж болох юм. Мөн хөхний хорт хавдрын эсийн өсөлтийг идэвхтэйгээр дарангуйлж байгаа учир цаашид ямаан арцны эфирийн тосны бичил биетний болон хавдрын эсрэг идэвхийн судалгааг нарийвчлан хийх нь зүйтэй.&#x0D; Түлхүүр үг: Juniperus sibirica, α-пинен, миртенил ацетат, B.subtilis, эфирийн тос .