Nitte University

• The article presents a PIFA MIMO antenna for 5G and WLAN bands. • The proposed antenna is optimized by characteristic mode theory (CMT). • The proposed antenna is analyzed for SAR and MIMO diversity parameters. This article presents a compact, wideband, four-port, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for the sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN bands. The dimensions and strategic placements of the shorting pin, feed plate, and radiator are determined using characteristic mode theory (CMT), as it is a rapid development tool. The current distribution on the antenna structure is solved using an integral solver to investigate and enhance the specific mode of interest. The process is repeated by modifying the antenna structure and applying the solver till the desired modes are generated. Through CMT, two complementary structures are evolved and incorporated into the MIMO antenna for efficient performance. Furthermore, the antennas ground plane is tuned with eight slots, which enhanced the bandwidth, isolation, and directivity (at θ = ± 52 ∘ ). Again, these slot positions have been strategically chosen to keep the ground free for other RF circuitry. The four radiating elements are arranged to exploit the benefits of spatial and pattern diversity, achieving isolation better than 20 dB across the 3.2-5.46 GHz operating band (52.19% fractional bandwidth). The antenna achieves a gain of 5.5–7 dBi with an average total efficiency of 84%. MIMO performance metrics, including envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and channel capacity loss (CCL), confirm reliable operation. Specific absorption rate (SAR) values are well within international limits (0.558 W/kg at 1 g and 1.24 W/kg at 10 g). Moreover, stable performance is achieved even when operated with a mobile casing. The antenna also demonstrated a data rate of over 25 Gbps for a 15 dB SNR. It shows reliable connectivity delivering >10 Gbps of data over more than 80 m. Thus, the proposed antenna is a strong candidate for next-generation portable wireless devices due to its compactness, simple geometry, and robust performance.

AI-driven tools to identify vulnerabilities, detect anomalies, and automate security testing. This integration enhances cybersecurity by enabling faster threat detection, improving penetration testing, and strengthening defense mechanisms against cybercriminals.technologies enhance cybersecurity by automating tasks, improving accuracy, and adapting to new threats. From intrusion detection and malware analysis to predictive analytics and behavioral anomaly detection, AI-driven ethical hacking is reshaping the digital security landscape.tools to test for vulnerabilities. However, AI and ML are now augmenting these efforts, making penetration testing more efficient and comprehensive. AI-driven ethical hacking tools can analyze large datasets, identifying weaknesses faster and reducing response times to cyber incidents. vulnerability scanning, and exploitation techniques. AI-driven tools can analyze security configurations, detect weaknesses, and even suggest patches or mitigation strategies.

Morphing wing ribs are essential for enabling adaptive aerodynamic performance, reduced fuel consumption, and operational flexibility in low-speed aircraft and UAVs. This study presents a comprehensive structural evaluation of trailing-edge morphing ribs fabricated from five engineering thermoplastics; Nylon, Polycarbonate, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene across three rib topologies; 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 rigid-to-flexible ratios, three thicknesses; 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 mm, and three prescribed deflection angles; +5°, + 10°, + 15°. A linear-static finite element analysis was conducted in ANSYS Workbench to quantify total deformation, von Mises stress, and safety factor for 135 design configurations. Boundary conditions replicated spar attachment and controlled trailing-edge displacement, with isotropic, linear-elastic material properties applied. A composite performance index, integrating normalized stiffness and safety factor, facilitated comparative ranking of all configurations. Results indicate that rib thickness dominates stiffness, with 7.5 mm ribs showing a 200–220% increase over 2.5 mm ribs. Safety factor is strongly constrained by deflection and thickness, decreasing 40–70% at + 15° across all materials, while material choice modulates stress distribution and fine-tunes structural margin. Polycarbonate and Nylon consistently achieve the highest stiffness > 300 N/m and safety factors > 1.7 at + 5°, HDPE and Polypropylene exhibit intermediate performance, and Polystyrene experiences critical reductions ~ 0.4 at + 15° due to geometric softening. Topologies 2 and 3 provide 8–12% higher stiffness and improved stress distribution relative to 50:50 ribs. The study provides a systematic framework for polymer-based morphing rib design, enabling optimized material selection and structural configuration for lightweight, adaptive aerospace wings.

An essential role in any firm is human resource management, or HRM, with effective matching of employees to suitable positions remaining the main employment issue. Traditional methods often rely on simplistic data models, which fail to fully capture the complex relationships between employee attributes, job requirements, and performance outcomes. To overcome these issues, this manuscript is proposed. This manuscript presents a novel approach, Hierarchical Dilated Parrot Causal Convolutional Attention Networks (HieDil-P2CAN), designed to enhance human resource recommendations. The input dataset, titled “human resource recommendations,” contains synthetic employee data generated for comprehensive HR analysis. Preprocessing is performed using the Fuzzy Min–Max Neural Network. The technique creates regular presentations of data that are easy to understand. Feature extraction is achieved through the Q-value Regularized Transformer, which captures the critical attributes influencing job matching. The prediction phase employs the HieDil-P2CAN, integrating Dilated Causal Convolution Networks with Hierarchical Attention Models and optimized using the Parrot Optimizer to effectively predict and recommend the best human resource solutions. The framework demonstrates an impressive 99.4% accuracy, optimizing human resource recommendations by accurately matching employees to suitable jobs based on their skills and performance metrics. This results in improved employee satisfaction and organizational efficiency. The system also significantly reduces computational time and enhances the precision of HR decision-making processes.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is an aggressive cystic lesion that arises from remnants of dental lamina. It mostly affects the mandibular posterior region and is commonly associated with an impacted tooth. Radiologically, it can present as unilocular or multilocular radiolucency with a sclerotic border, causing cortical plate expansion and even sometimes leading to perforation. The occurrence of multiple OKCs is considered the initial presentation of many syndromes. However, cases of multiple OKCs have also been reported in non-syndromic patients. We present a case of 17/M with a complaint of swelling in the mandibular anterior region. CBCT revealed three unilocular expansile lytic lesions in the mandible: a large lesion extending from tooth 46 (mandibular right first molar) to tooth 34 (mandibular left first premolar), along with separate lesions associated with teeth 38 and 48 (mandibular left and right third molar regions). Incisional biopsy was suggestive of OKC. So, cyst enucleation was done under general anaesthesia and histopathology showed a cystic lumen lined by OKC lining. Numerous daughter cysts were also seen. This case emphasizes that the occurrence of multiple OKCs warrants evaluation for possible associated syndromes. Syndromic OKCs typically present at a younger age, show equal involvement of the maxilla and mandible, and demonstrate a higher recurrence rate compared to sporadic cases. Therefore, long-term follow-up is essential to achieve favorable outcomes, and management of such lesions requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states, driven by excited‐state structural modifications and solvent reorganization, exhibit distinct charge distribution within the excited state, differing from the ground state, which holds significant promise for optoelectronic applications. Traditionally, ICT states are achieved using donor–acceptor‐based push–pull chromophores. Herein, we introduce a series of fluoranthene‐derived chromophores that depart from conventional donor–acceptor design principles, incorporating the potent donor triphenylamine into the fluoranthene scaffold ( ThPF‐2TPA ) to facilitate ICT state formation. Computational studies reveal the localization of hole and electron densities on the triphenylamine and fluoranthene cores, respectively. Photophysical studies, including solvent polarity‐dependent steady‐state and time‐resolved decay analysis, confirm the presence of the ICT state in ThPF‐2TPA . Moreover, ThPF‐2TPA displays pronounced aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), with enhanced luminescence upon aggregation. The present work expands the understanding of ICT phenomena and the potential applications of fluoranthene‐based molecular systems in optoelectronic devices. By strategically modulating donor strength and twist angle, we harness both ICT and AIE properties, thereby expanding the utility of fluoranthene derivatives for next‐generation functional materials.