Nitto (United States)

The polymerization of triethylenetetramine (TETA) with epoxy resin produced a porous amine–epoxy polymer (AEP). Polypropylene glycol, used as the porogen, was subsequently removed. This industrially viable method yielded an AEP with a high amine density (10.4 mmol/g), a specific surface area of 7.5 m2/g, and a cocontinuous porous structure. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the three-dimensional network skeleton and through-hole morphology, with pore sizes below 1 μm. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that although TETA has limited thermal stability, the synthesized AEP exhibits significantly enhanced thermal resistance. CO2 adsorption experiments, conducted using 400 ppm of CO2/N2 gas at 20 °C and 50% relative humidity, demonstrated that increasing the regeneration temperature moderately increased CO2 desorption. Notably, CO2 desorption at 65 °C reached 1.81 mmol/g, demonstrating excellent low-temperature regeneration performance and working capacity under mild regeneration conditions. These results indicate that the porous AEP is a promising candidate for energy-efficient direct air capture applications.

To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, there is an increasing need to actively capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. Direct Air Capture (DAC) has attracted attention as a method for directly capturing CO2, and amine-based compounds have been actively studied as CO2 adsorbents. By polymerizing amine and epoxy, we developed thermosetting DAC nanofibers with excellent low-temperature desorption properties and excellent heat resistance. In the fabrication of epoxy-crosslinked amine nanofibers by the electrospinning process, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was added to improve spinnability, and direct spin-line heating in the electrospinning process was successfully performed for in-situ thermal polymerization. However, because of the relatively high energy consumption of the process, we tried to produce amine-epoxy/PVA nanofibers through a process that does not require spin-line heating in this research. For this purpose, amine and epoxy were reacted in advance to convert them to B-stage. With the highly B-staged spinning solution, AE/PVA nanofibers of approximately 500–700 nm diameter could be produced without spin-line heating. When the B-stage state was low, in-situ heating during the electrospinning process was required, as in the previous report, however, the temperature required for the formation of fibers decreased with the increasing degree of B-stage. When the spin-line heating temperature was low or without the spin-line heating, additional annealing of the prepared web was required to complete the polymerization, even though fabrication of nanofibers was possible in the electrospinning. We confirmed that the obtained amine-epoxy/PVA nanofiber web had the same CO2 adsorption performance as in-situ polymerized nanofibers. In addition, by B-staging, the viscosity of the spinning solution increased, making it possible to reduce the concentration of the PVA aqueous solution, and it became possible to obtain nanofibers with a higher amine-epoxy ratio.

Revision using distal inflow（RUDI）は透析アクセス関連盗血症候群（DASS）に対して行われるが，重症例では十分な改善が得られないこともある。手指壊死を伴うDASSに対してRUDIを行った1例を報告する。症例は68歳，女性。5カ月前に左肘部シャントを造設され，徐々に手指の虚血が進行し指尖部壊死を認めた。DASSと診断しRUDIを施行し指尖壊死部の上皮化が得られた。

Abstract Background: GSTP has an important role in detoxification and anti-oxidative damage response. Additionally, GSTP has a chaperone function that regulates multiple key oncogenic pathways such as KRAS and JNK. Since alternative or redundant pathways could compensate for the inhibition of a single kinase, targeting multiple pathways could lead to more effective therapy. NBF-006 is a drug product comprised of GSTP siRNA encapsulated within a novel LNP. It is designed to deliver siRNA to localized and metastatic lung tumors. Unlike other well-established drug modalities, there is a general need for increased understanding of the PK of RNA therapeutics. For NBF-006, we present preclinical PK data in healthy mice and monkeys, prediction of human doses, and phase 1 clinical PK data. Methods: Preclinical PK studies were performed by intravenous bolus injection of NBF-006 once weekly for 1 month at 5, 20, and 40 mg/kg in mice and 6, 12, and 18 mg/kg in cynomolgus monkeys. Human drug exposures were predicted based upon simple allometry. For the phase 1 clinical study, a total of 48 advanced NSCLC, pancreatic, or colorectal cancer patients received 4 weekly doses of NBF-006 by infusion at 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 1.6 mg/kg followed by a 2-week rest period. In all studies, serial blood samples were collected at weeks 1 and 4. Plasma concentrations of siRNA were determined by a hybridization ELISA. Non-compartmental PK analysis (NCA) was performed with the resulting concentration-time data. Results: In mice, terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) of plasma siRNA ranged between 3.69 to 9.04 hr, clearance (CL) ranged between 3.61 and 5.81 mL/hr/kg, and volume of distribution (Vd) ranged between 23.5 and 57.4 mL/kg. In cynomolgus monkeys, t1/2 ranged between 8.22 and 28.2 hr, CL ranged between 1.38 and 3.97 mL/hr/kg, and Vd ranged between 31.7 to 83.3 mL/kg. Exposure (maximal plasma concentration, Cmax, and area under the curve, AUC) increased with increasing dose in both species and was generally dose proportional. Following weekly administration of NBF-006, no apparent accumulation or reduction of siRNA exposure was observed. Human PK exposures were well-predicted within 2-fold accuracy at clinically studied doses. Clinically, NCA demonstrated consistent slow CL and low Vd with a mean t1/2 of 41 (± 13) hours. Exposure showed dose proportionality from 0.15 to 1.2 mg/kg. At 1.6 mg/kg, exposure was not statistically different than that of 1.2 mg/kg. No accumulation risk potential was identified following the current dosing regimen. Moreover, exposure was not reduced after repeat dosing in any dose group. Conclusions: Preclinical PK profiling enabled initial characterization of the in vivo disposition of NBF-006 and prediction of human PK and doses. In patients, repeated administration of NBF-006 was well-tolerated up to 1.6 mg/kg. Exposure appeared to be dose proportional through 1.2 mg/kg. Neither exposure reduction nor accumulation was observed. Citation Format: Michael Hall, Zhihong O'Brien, Sonya Zabludoff. Preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) of NBF-006, a novel siRNA inhibitor of glutathione-s-transferase P (GSTP) encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle (LNP), for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C101.

Abstract For many years, reverse osmosis (RO) elements have been used in the treatment of produced water, including at several sites in California. The RO reduces salts and organics in the produced water to a level that allows for disposal or reuse. The RO elements used to treat produced water are similar in chemistry and construction to the conventional seawater RO membrane. But compared to seawater, the characteristics of produce water are unique and varied. The conventional seawater membrane comes with pressure and temperature limitations that restrict its ability to treat a wide range of produced waters. Specifically, conventional membranes have a temperature limit and a pressure limit. Only a portion of the produce waters needing treatment fall within the membrane's temperature and pressure limitations. Many produced waters, including produce waters associated with SAGD, require membranes that can accommodate higher temperatures up to 60 C. Other produced waters may allow for treatment at ambient temperatures but their higher salinities above 60,000 mg/l TDS require RO membrane to overcome high osmotic pressures and operate at feed pressures up to 1800 psi. In recent years, membrane manufacturers have enhanced their exiting RO elements to address the challenges associated with the treatment of unique industrial streams such as produced water. Specifically, new, more robust element construction allow designers to push beyond the normal limits of temperature and pressure. One such element allows for operation at temperatures up to 90 C while a second, ultra high-pressure RO (UHPRO), can concentrate the total dissolved salts (TDS) up to 120,000 ppm (12%) while operating at pressures up to 1,800 psi (124 bar). These unique elements can be used to increase the overall efficiency of the treatment facility by reducing the cost of brine disposal and maximizing water recovery. This paper will show how these new elements perform when operated beyond conventional pressure and temperature limits - including how individual ion passage and water permeability are affected at extreme conditions. This paper will share element performance data from laboratory and pilot studies. The data will be used as a basis for new designs at the extreme conditions associated with produced water treatment.

Conventional seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes have been used to treat industrial wastewater with high-salinity and organic contamination. However, SWRO membranes present challenges in the treatment of wastewater containing high concentrations of organics. A new low-fouling, high-pressure reverse osmosis (HPRO) membrane minimizes the adsorption of organic contaminants on the membrane surface, thereby restraining the fouling rate. This study compares HPRO and SWRO membranes by measuring their surface zeta potential and contact angle. The results showed that the HPRO membrane has a neutrally charged surface and a smaller water contact angle than the SWRO membrane. A membrane fouling test was used to measure the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the membrane surface. The test results indicated lower adsorption on the HPRO membrane than on the SWRO membrane surface. Finally, a comparison test between the two membranes was performed at a tannery wastewater plant. The HPRO membrane showed a 10% higher permeate flow and required a 50% lower maintenance cleaning frequency than the SWRO membrane during five months of operation.

The stress variations during polarization of iron thin film electrode in pH 8.4 borate buffer solution have been measured by a cantilever bending method to investigate the correlation between stress evolution and electrochemical reaction of the iron electrode. The stress variations toward compressive direction during active dissolution of iron result from the relaxation of the residual tensile stress due to the decrease in thickness of the iron electrode. The stress variations toward tensile direction in the pre-passive region are brought by the anodic deposition of ferrous ions once dissolved into solution. The successive potential steps for each interval of 1 h in the passive region between 0.20 and 0.90 V induce the stress variations toward compressive direction at potentials more positive than 0.30 V in connection with the growth of the inner (barrier) layer in the passive film. The electrostriction stress in the inner layer of the passive film formed on iron at 0.90 V has been estimated from the stress relaxation in the cathodic potential sweep after 1-h passivation at 0.90 V. In addition, the stress variations toward compressive direction during cathodic reduction of the passive film are attributed to the volume expansion due to the formation of iron (II) hydroxide at the intermediate step of the cathodic reduction at pH 8.4. Furthermore, the rapid stress variations toward compressive direction during hydrogen evolution at potentials more negative than 0.52 V are caused by the volume expansion in near the surface region of the iron thin film electrode due to hydrogen adsorption or absorption.

Orientador: Fresia Soledad Ricardi Torres Branco