Nizhyn Gogol State University

The object of research is the process of forming a comprehensive risk-oriented system for analyzing the financial performance of wine-producing enterprises. The development of this methodology will ensure systematic identification, quantitative assessment and integration of risks at all stages of the value chain. Existing approaches limit the ability to form a risk profile for operations and justify effective management decisions in conditions of instability. Traditional methods of analytical assessment do not allow for the multidimensionality of risk factors and the complex nature of their impact on changes in efficiency to be reflected. The use of an integrated risk criterion ensures more accurate forecasting of financial performance trends, increasing the effectiveness of the management control system. The developed methodology for assessing the financial performance risk of viticulture and winemaking enterprises based on normalized indicators and integral criteria made it possible to outline the risk dynamics and key parameters of uncertainty. The assessment was carried out in terms of grape varieties and enterprises on a five-level scale, with 2019 identified as the most critical year. The highest risk is in Cabernet 2024 and Rkatsiteli 2024: Alibernet 2024 has the lowest risk; Merlot 2024 has an average risk. The integrated assessment of average risk forms a unified information model that supports strategic decisions and enhances competitiveness. The applied nature of the study is determined by its focus on supporting management decisions in the financial and economic management of grape and wine-producing enterprises. The integrated risk assessment methodology ensures the identification and quantitative measurement of risks at all stages of the value chain, which allows identifying critical factors of financial performance and justifying the optimization of production and cost parameters.

У статті здійснено системний аналіз метафоричних моделей вербалізації емоції страху в романі «Горянин. Води Господніх русел» Мирослава Дочинця. Методом суцільної вибірки виокремлено понад 50 контекстів, що містять метафоричну репрезентацію страху. Виявлено та описано п'ять основних метафоричних моделей: фізіологічну (холод/оціпеніння), предметно-речо винну, просторову (тиск/тягар), зооморфну та персоніфікаційну. Вста новлено, що найбільш продуктивною є фізіологічна модель, яка відображає універсальні соматичні реакції на страх. З'ясовано специфіку авторської метафоризації, що виявляється у синтезі народної образності та оригі нальних авторських метафор. Визначено етнокультурну маркованість метафоричних засобів через використання діалектної лексики та образів гуцульської культури. Охарактеризовано функціональне наванта-ження метафоричної вербалізації страху в художньому дискурсі письменника.

10 жовтня 2025 року в Ніжинському державному університеті імені Миколи Гоголя відбулися Всеукраїнські Грищенківські читання, присвячені 220-й річниці від дня заснування Ніжинської вищої школи та пошануванню світлої пам’яті її випускника 1958 року – Арнольда Панасовича Грищенка, доктора філологічних наук, професора, дійс ного члена Академії педагогічних наук України, дійсного члена Ака демії вищої школи України, заслуженого діяча науки і техніки України, члена бюро Відділення педагогіки і психології вищої школи Академії педагогічних наук України, лауреата премії імені І.Я.Франка Націо нальної академії наук України. Майбутній академік навчався на відді ленні української мови й літератури історико-філологічного факуль тету Ніжинського державного педагогічного інституту ім. М. В. Гоголя (1954–1958 рр.) та за сумісництвом працював у Ніжинській вищій школі на посадах асистента (1960–1963 рр.) і професора (1996 2006 рр.).

У статті проаналізовано різні способи художнього втілення образу зомбі на матеріалі кримінального роману Леоніда Кононовича «Я, зомбі», триле ра Михала Бриниха «Хліб з хрящами», мешапу Олексія Деканя «Кайдашева сім'я vs зомбі» та історичного фентезі Павла Денисенка «Козаки проти зомбі». З’ясовано, що український зомбі-наратив поєднує запозичені образні моделі та жанрові форми їх утілення з національними змістами, що робить його унікальним явищем у сучасній літературі.

Regulation of drug availability is one of the most important areas of state policy in the pharmaceutical market. The use of various methods of price regulation allows achieving the desired socio-economic results, but the complexity of the processes taking place in the pharmaceutical market and in the state necessitates the constant revision of existing approaches and measures. The aim: to conduct an analysis of macroeconomic indicators characterizing the state of development of healthcare systems in countries that are reference for the domestic pharmaceutical market. Materials and methods. General theoretical (historical, formal, graphical, hypothetical-deductive, etc.) and applied (organizational-economic, mathematical-statistical, etc.) research methods were used. The subject of the research was the World Bank health indicators, which are integrated with WHO data, and data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development for reference countries (Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria) and in Ukraine. Results. It was found that for the vast majority of indicators characterizing the state of health care financing, domestic indicators significantly differed from the average values for the group of reference countries. For indicators of domestic health care expenditures (four indicators), domestic data had critically low values (52.12% –% in current healthcare spending, expenditures per capita, including at purchasing power parity of the population – $ 192.81 and $ 570.60, respectively). Only for the indicator of domestic public health care expenditures as a% of general government expenditures, Ukrainian indicators (10.56%) were within the fluctuation range of the corresponding data for the group of reference countries. A comparative analysis of current healthcare expenditures (3 indicators) showed that out of the three indicators, the values of two in Ukraine were close to the minimum values in the group of reference countries. These are current healthcare expenditures per capita, including at purchasing power parity. In Ukraine, the values of these indicators were $369.90 and $1095.06, which were 3.72 and 2.49 times lower than the average values for the group of reference countries. According to the indicators characterizing the participation of private capital and citizens in healthcare expenditures (5 indicators), it was established that per capita private expenditures in Ukraine were $177.10, which was 1.88 times lower than the average for the group of reference countries ($332.58). In terms of private and out-of-pocket expenditures as a% of current healthcare expenditures, domestic data had the highest values compared to reference countries. Thus, private and out-of-pocket expenditures in Ukraine were 1.76 and 1.88 times higher than the average values for reference countries (27.07% and 24.04%, respectively). Domestic out-of-pocket expenditures calculated per capita ($167.54) and at purchasing power parity ($ 495.88) were 44,49% and 17,51% lower than the corresponding average values for the group of reference countries ($301.82 and $ 601.10, respectively). It was found that within the group of reference countries, the drug consumption index varied. This index ranged from $523.0 (Poland) to $883.0 (Bulgaria). The average consumption value in Ukraine for 2021-2023 was ($112.33), which was 5.79 times less than the corresponding data for the group of reference countries. In addition, in the group of reference countries, there are fundamental differences in the structure of population spending on medicines by funding sources (state, private revenues, and health insurance funds). Conclusions. Significant differences in macroeconomic indicators characterizing the state of healthcare financing in the reference countries and in Ukraine have been identified. This necessitates further research on the topic and a review of the group of reference countries used in the domestic pharmaceutical market to regulate the socio-economic accessibility of medicines for the population

This article examines the development of agricultural cooperation in Kyrgyzstan and the prerequisites for its formation, which is highly relevant to the country's socioeconomic development. Financing options for agriculture are analyzed. This will result in the development of agricultural cooperatives in the country, aimed at creating favorable conditions for their effective operation, improving financial and credit support for cooperative forms of management, organizing rural infrastructure, introducing elements of cooperative management in agriculture, and developing a system of scientific, informational, and advisory support for cooperatives. The development of individual entrepreneurship contributes to the formation of a class of small and medium-sized owners as the basis for stability in the country's economy, politics, and social sphere. For this to be achieved, positive changes are needed in the ratio of the growth in the number of small businesses to their contribution to GDP.

Education in the twenty-first century cannot exist without technology. It has the power to change the classroom environment, which will raise student involvement and achievement. Additionally, it can offer educators and learners a range of learning materials that foster 21st-century abilities, including teamwork, communication, creativity, and critical thinking. The article aims to outline state-of-the-art, as well as existing concerns and challenges in the concept and practices of digital educational resources application within the landscape and processes of future teachers' training. The methodology implied bibliometric search and content analysis based on abductive logic. The findings indicate that the core factor determining lowering the scope and efficiency of digital technology usage by teachers is the lack of attention to alignment in the elements of their identity in the digital platforms used in pedagogical education, as well as the lack of alignment with the needs and preferences of potential students whom future teachers will work with. Thus, the study proposes a model of the process of designing the patterns of digital educational resources and platforms in the training of future teachers.

The article is dedicated to the publication and comparative analysis of a craniological group from the Chernyakhiv culture of the second half of the 4th – first half of the 5th century AD, from Shyshaky. The series consists of skulls found during excavations in 2009–2016, by R. Reida, A. Geiko, and S. Sapegin. The aim of the article is to introduce new material into scientific circulation, provide a general characterization of Chernyakhiv culture males against the background of adjacent ethnic groups in Ukraine, Lithuania, Eastern Europe, and Eurasia (diachronic method), determine the distances between individual series from the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD using multidimensional canonical and cluster analysis, and clarify the place of males from Shyshaky in the system of craniological types of the Chernyakhiv culture from the territory of Ukraine. This study also aims to determine the features of the studied group based on the results of typologization. Methodology. The research is based on the principle of objectivity, using general scientific analysis and synthesis, the method of observation, anthropological and statistical methods. Skulls were measured according to a complete craniometric program using R. Martin’s standard methodology, according to which feature numbering was indicated. The work used computer programs created by B. and O. Kozintsev in 1991. Fourteen craniometric features were involved. The article considers only males, as females require a separate, detailed study. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a male sample of the Chernyakhiv culture from the second half of the 4th – first half of the 5th century AD from Shyshaky was created, involving fourteen skulls. It was determined that according to the average values of craniometric features, the male part of the population can be attributed to the dolichocranial Europoid variant with a narrow face (based on the absolute dimensions of the facial skeleton). It has been proven that the male craniological group from Shyshaky, according to T. Rudych’s typological scheme, falls within the dolichocranial, narrow-faced craniological type, in which Chernyakhiv groups from the territory of Moldova and Western Ukraine are located. Conclusions. When comparing the male study group of the 4th–5th centuries AD with synchronous series from the territory of Ukraine and diachronic and synchronous groups from Central and Eastern Europe (Lithuania, Caucasus) and Asia using the method of multidimensional canonical and cluster analysis, similarity to the combined series of Western Ukraine was noted.

The purpose of the article is to examine the methodological features of forming digital competence among general secondary education ‎teachers through the activities of educational hubs and to reveal the potential for using digital services in teacher training. This study ‎addresses one of the most important issues in the modern educational process – the formation of digital competence among educators, which ‎is viewed as a key condition for the New Ukrainian School concept and an essential skill for life in contemporary society. An analysis of ‎scientific approaches to the interpretation of "digital competence" term is conductedю Researchers consider a teacher's digital competence ‎not only as a set of knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for the effective use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in ‎the educational process; it also encompasses the ability to integrate digital tools into the educational process, create interactive content, ‎organize distance learning, and ensure safety in the digital environment. The results of a study of digital competence level among future ‎general secondary education (GSE) teachers are described. The study was conducted at Nizhyn State University named after Mykola Hohol. ‎The sample consisted of 110 students from the 1st to 4th years in the field of Education/Pedagogy. The study results confirmed the ‎necessity and interest of students in enhancing their digital competence, leading to the establishment of an educational hub for future teachers. ‎Scientific approaches are summarized, and a unique definition of the term "educational hub" is formulated, which is viewed as a center that ‎unites various educational initiatives with a focus on innovation and modern teaching approaches. The main idea of such a hub is to create ‎an environment where students, educators, and teachers can collaborate, share knowledge, and generate new ideas. The contributions of ‎faculty within the Department of Pedagogy, Primary Education, Psychology, and Management, along with higher education students, in the ‎activities of various educational hubs are described, highlighting lesson developments and author projects using different electronic ‎educational resources. The results of a training program within the educational hub focused on forming digital competencies for future ‎teachers are outlined, demonstrating its effectiveness. The program content included acquiring new knowledge and skills, mastering various ‎digital technologies, the ability to search for, analyze, and critically evaluate information from diverse sources, and skills in creating games, ‎presentations, interactive exercises, and mind maps. It also includes creating engaging content; developing critical thinking abilities and ‎problem-solving skills through digital technologies, and selecting appropriate digital tools to achieve educational goals, as well as ‎developing interactive tasks and projects‎.

Ginkgo biloba is a valuable ornamental gymnosperm plant. To ensure an adequate supply of planting material for this species, measures must be taken to cultivate high-quality seedlings resistant to adverse conditions. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with metabolically active substances can serve as such a measure. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth processes, leaf apparatus formation, and photosynthetic activity of young Ginkgo biloba plants under the influence of metabolically active substances and their combinations. Metabolically active substances used to treat ginkgo seeds included vitamin E, ubiquinone-10, paraoxybenzoic acid (POBA), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), and methionine. Their combinations were also tested: vitamin E + ubiquinone-10, vitamin E + POBA + methionine, and vitamin E + POBA + methionine + MgSO4. The growth biostimulator Stimpo was used for comparison. It was established that pre-sowing treatment with these metabolically active substances and their combinations contributed to the formation of a more robust photosynthetic apparatus in ginkgo seedlings. MgSO4 and the combination of vitamin E + methionine + POBA + MgSO4 had the most significant effect on stem height. Among single-component substances, ubiquinone-10 and the combination of vitamin E + methionine + POBA + MgSO4 most effectively increased the average number of leaves. All studied combinations of compounds positively impacted the average leaf area, increasing it by 44.5-58% compared to the control. Among single-component substances, vitamin E and MgSO4 were particularly effective in increasing leaf area. Ubiquinone-10 and the combination of vitamin E + methionine + POBA significantly enhanced the content of chlorophyll a and b pigments in the leaves. The use of metabolically active substances and their combinations during pre-sowing seed treatment is an effective measure to improve the assimilation processes and overall growth of Ginkgo biloba seedlings.