North Island College

BackgroundPatients with mood and anxiety disorders commonly visit primary care providers in Canada. Screening tools can support providers in identifying patients who need further mental health care.ObjectivesIdentify screening tools that are valid and reliable for ruling out mood and anxiety disorders in adults in primary care settings.Data sourcesOur rapid review searched MEDLINE, Embase and PsycInfo from January 1, 2006, to May 27, 2025.Study selectionA single reviewer conducted screening, critical appraisal and data extraction. Low risk-of-bias studies were included. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative likelihood ratios (NLRs) with 95% confidence intervals were extracted or calculated. A threshold of NLR < 0.1 was used to interpret strong rule-out performance.SynthesisWe included 11 low risk-of-bias studies evaluating validity in 13 tools. No reliability studies were included due to high risk-of-bias. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2 (≥ 1/7), PHQ-9 (≥ 10/17), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-2 (≥ 2/6), and GAD-7 (≥ 5/21) demonstrated the strongest evidence for ruling out depression and anxiety (NLR < 0.1).ConclusionsThe PHQ-2, PHQ-9, HADS-D, 15-item GDS, QIDS-SR16, GAD-2, and GAD-7 are brief, valid tools with strong rule-out performance for depression and anxiety in primary care. Future research should evaluate reliability and performance in diverse providers and patients, including non-physician settings and underserved communities.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-025-03132-1.

Accurately determining the diet of wild animals can be challenging if food items are small, visible only briefly, or rendered visually unidentifiable in the digestive system. In some food caching species, an additional challenge is determining whether consumed diet items have been previously stored or are fresh. The Canada jay (Perisoreus canadensis) is a generalist resident of North American boreal and subalpine forests with anatomical and behavioural adaptations allowing it to make thousands of arboreal food caches in summer and fall that are presumably responsible for its high winter survival and late winter/early spring breeding. We used DNA fecal metabarcoding to obtain novel information on nestling diets and compiled a dataset of 662 published and unpublished direct observations or stomach contents identifications of natural foods consumed by Canada jays throughout the year. We then used detailed natural history information to make informed decisions on whether each item identified to species in the diets of winter adults and nestlings was best characterized as 'likely cached', 'likely fresh' (i.e., was available as a non-cached item when it appeared in a jay's feces or stomach), or 'either possible'. Of the 87 food items consumed by adults in the winter, 39% were classified as 'likely cached' and 6% were deemed to be 'likely fresh'. For nestlings, 29% of 125 food items identified to species were 'likely cached' and 38% were 'likely fresh'. Our results support both the indispensability of cached food for Canada jay winter survival and previous suggestions that cached food is important for late winter/early spring breeding. Our work highlights the value of combining metabarcoding, stomach contents analysis, and direct observations to determine the cached vs. non-cached origins of consumed food items and the identity of food caches, some of which could be especially vulnerable to degradation through climate change.

ABSTRACT A growing body of research finds many men are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), but there is limited research on children’s exposure to domestic violence (CEDV) in relationships where fathers are the victims of IPV. We focus on fathers’ perceptions of CEDV in the narratives of 30 men who experienced IPV and who are from four English-speaking countries. Four main themes were identified across the countries: children as victims of abuse; effect of abuse on children; the men’s attempts to help children, and men’s own victimization in the light of CEDV. Most of the men reported that their children experienced different types of abuse, including neglect, witnessing the abuse of the father, physical and psychological abuse, and kidnapping. Effects of abuse on children varied from emotional suffering and estrangement to anger toward parents and turning against the father. Men’s attempt to intervene in the abuse of children included directly protecting children from abuse and staying in abusive relationships to protect the children. In addition, the men’s own victimization often took place in front of children. Finally, the men reported that their partners often used their children in their partners’ abuse of the men, such as through parental alienation. The implications of these findings for developing more gender-inclusive policies and programs for abused men and their children are discussed.

For two decades, publishers and vendors have used e-book licenses to back academic libraries into a corner. These rightsholders and intermediaries lease rather than sell content, and they dictate what constitutes permitted downstream usages. Libraries have historically used interlibrary loans to fill gaps in collections, but publishers and vendors unilaterally claim that interlibrary loans of entire e-books infringe on their exclusive rights. As a result, libraries at small and mid-sized colleges and universities are constrained to providing patrons access only to e-books that fall within the limits of modest collections budgets. Grounded on the premise that e-book interlibrary loans are needed to advance and protect information equity in higher education, this presentation invites interdisciplinary discussions and collaboration with respect to the future of resource sharing in academic libraries.

Previous research has suggested that high levels of hostility may result in negative outcomes such as aggression or disengagement and that this impact may be exasperated by the workplace environment. The current study contributes to knowledge regarding firefighters and the fire service work environment. Our purpose was to investigate relationships between work state, psychological well-being, general satisfaction and hostility for firefighters. Data analyses involved structural equation modeling and results indicated that positive work state is negatively related to satisfaction and positively related to psychological symptomatology. In particular, the present results suggest that positive working environment has significant impacts on many domains of firefighter life; consequently, creating a positive working environment should be considered a key area of intervention in assisting toward overall well-being for firefighters.

A unique case of combined papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) and mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) presenting in a man aged 67 years is reported. The two separate components were distinct on morphological, immunohistochemical (IHC), and genetic grounds, while type 2 PRCC predominated. Three years after the initial diagnosis, the PRCC component metastasized to the lungs where it morphologically mimicked a pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor. Retrospectively focal neuroendocrine differentiation was demonstrated by IHC in the PRCC component of the primary neoplasm.

Curriculum evaluation is an essential and complex activity intended to foster understanding of how teaching-learning practices serve to meet educational goals. This position paper provides a retrospective from the authors’ lived experience of one multi-institutional collaborative nursing programs’ history of curriculum evaluation and scholarship growth over 25 years. Key themes include an overview of collaborative curriculum evaluation underpinned by three philosophical perspectives, the influence of accreditation and re-mandated post-secondary institutions on scholarship development, an affirmation of curriculum evaluation as a form of knowledge development as supported by Boyer’s model of scholarship, and the development of scholarship expertise across collaborative partners through a focus on curriculum evaluation. Examples of curriculum evaluation practices are integrated throughout the paper. This retrospective review supports the contention that collaborative curriculum evaluation provides a strong foundation upon which to develop nursing education scholarship.

Many broadcast spawning corals in multiple reef regions release their gametes with incredible temporal precision just once per year, using the lunar cycle to set the night of spawning. Moonlight, rather than tides or other lunar-regulated processes, is thought to be the proximate factor responsible for linking the night of spawning to the phase of the Moon. We compared patterns of gene expression among colonies of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora at different phases of the lunar cycle, and when they were maintained under one of three experimentally simulated lunar lighting treatments: i) lunar lighting conditions matching those on the reef, or lunar patterns mimicking either ii) constant full Moon conditions, or iii) constant new Moon conditions. Normal lunar illumination was found to shift both the level and timing of clock gene transcription cycles between new and full moons, with the peak hour of expression for a number of genes occurring earlier in the evening under a new Moon when compared to a full Moon. When the normal lunar cycle is replaced with nighttime patterns equivalent to either a full Moon or a new Moon every evening, the normal monthlong changes in the level of expression are destroyed for most genes. In combination, these results indicate that daily changes in moonlight that occur over the lunar cycle are essential for maintaining normal lunar periodicity of clock gene transcription, and this may play a role in regulating spawn timing. These data also show that low levels of light pollution may have an impact on coral biological clocks.

Many schools and school systems have been deliberately working towards full implementation of Assessment for Learning for more than a decade, yet success has been elusive. Using a leader%s implementation of Assessment for Learning in one school as an illustration, this article examines eight positional leaders’ experiences as they implemented both the ‘spirit and the letter’ of Assessment for Learning at all levels. This longitudinal qualitative research study draws on the experiences of leaders from Alberta, British Columbia, Germany, Georgia, Hawai'i, Manitoba, New Zealand and Ontario. The authors identify five findings that show how positional leaders use Assessment for Learning as the focus for system‐wide change, as well as the change process itself.