Northwestern Oklahoma State University

We are happy to present to you the 2022's Autumn issue of our journal.The IAFOR's Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences covers a variety of empirical studies about applications of psychological theories in educational and mental health settings.Moreover, the journal showcases studies that investigate topics regarding human development, psychological outreach services, family studies, as well as articles addressing the needs of at-risk children, youth and families, and vulnerable populations.The IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences is a peer-reviewed, editorially independent, and an interdisciplinary journal associated with the IAFOR (The International Academic Forum) conferences on Psychology and the Behavioral Sciences.This issue is devoted to several interdisciplinary studies which represent diverse topics, cultures, and disciplines in the fields of psychology and the behavioral sciences.

La estampa de la Biblioteca Nacional, tan familiar para los estudiosos hasta mayo de 1943, es ahora un recuerdo que va esfumándose y embelleciéndose con el tiempo. La puerta de entrada haIlábase en la calle de Estudios; y, al atravesarla, se pasaba a un amplio claustro con sobrios portales en los cuatrolados y espacio descubierto en el centro. Era la clásica vista de un convento antiguo llena de una nobleza que los pretenciosos edificios modernos no suelentener. A la izquierda, en toda el ala de los bajos, estaba el Archivo Nacional con sus altos y empolvados muebles de madera, llenos de expedientes coloniales.La Biblioteca ocupaba sólo el centro y el ala izquierda del edificio en ese piso. Una escalera de mármol, al extremo izquierdo del patio, conducía a los altosdonde tenía sus salas de conferencias y de sesiones y su propia biblioteca la Sociedad Geográfica, en mi época no muy frecuentada. En ese piso vivió cuandofué director de la Biblioteca don Ricardo Palma con su familia (...)

To understand the etiology and consequences of child sexual abuse it is important to study the victims' subjective reactions to such incidents. Because researchers have not been able to survey children about sexual abuse, not much is known about how subjective reactions are related to gender, age, age difference, and the social relationship between the offender and victim. The present study fills this gap using data gathered from a large, nationally representative sample of Finnish children ages 11 to 17 (N = 32,145). Analyses of abuse are based on a sample of 1520 children (78% girls), while analyses of peer sexual experiences are based on a sample of 3551 children (55% girls). Multivariate analyses adjusted for the use of coercion, the intimacy of the sexual experience, and other incident characteristics. It was hypothesized that, as a result of sex differences in sexuality and attitudes toward deviant behavior, girls are more sensitive than boys to age and age difference. Three findings supported the hypothesis: (1) girls were more likely than boys to have a negative reaction to sexual encounters regardless of the age difference; (2) for girls, age was negatively associated with the likelihood of a negative reaction, but age had no effect for boys; and (3) girls reacted negatively to age difference while boys did not. However, girls did not react more negatively unless the offender was at least eight years older. The results highlight the susceptibility of adolescent boys to encounters with older women. They further suggest that ignoring the role of the victim limits understanding of the vulnerability of young people to sexual abuse.

Originally used to indicate dominance in animal communities, “alpha male” is now a term used to describe human males who demonstrate confidence, persistence, and charisma in professional and social, especially sexual, situations. Alpha males claim professional and sexual success as a means of gaining acceptance and respect from other males within their communities.

Attrition among the agricultural education profession is concerning as approximately 50% of agriculture teachers leave within the first six years of teaching. Therefore, the purpose of the phenomenological study, conducted from an emic perspective, was to explore and describe secondary agriculture teachers’ experiences related to remaining in the profession past the point of retirement eligibility. Four themes emerged from the study: (a) Career teachers experienced a transformative shift in mid-career, leading to career sustainability; (b) Career teachers experienced an abundance of support from students, parents, administrators, and community; (c) Career teachers maintained a balance between work and personal life; and (d) Career teachers reduced their workload later in their careers to coincide with aging. The essence deduced from the data revealed that teachers balanced work, family, and community life, reduced known stressors, and found satisfaction that led to long-term engagement in the profession. The emergent metaphor of this phenomenon was the Thornless Rose and served as the structural framework for reporting the findings. The results of this study can serve as a transferrable means to help teachers remain in the profession.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address issues of performance optimization through accounting for asymmetric responses of customer satisfaction to different types of product or service attributes: core, facilitating and “green” (eco‐friendly). The primary research inquiry was to explore how these attributes affect customer satisfaction and account for interactions among them in order to identify an optimal combination that would maximize customer satisfaction in lodging industry settings.