Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters

Case management systems (CMSs) are essential to modern criminal investigations but remain underexplored compared to systems for predictive policing and digital forensics. This study examines how investigators use CMSs, which capabilities remain insufficient, and how these systems can better support their work. Through interviews with practitioners across European jurisdictions, we identify an investigative workflow of six concurrent dimensions and propose a two-tier model distinguishing preparation and exploration for knowledge discoveries. While CMSs effectively manage actions and decision-making, critical gaps persist for knowledge discovery, such as text analysis, hypothesis testing, and information retrieval. We derive functional requirements by workflow dimensions, offering guidance on which capabilities should be embedded in core systems and which are better delivered as modular services. These findings inform the design of CMSs that combine stable infrastructure with flexible tools. • Proposes a six-dimensional workflow in Case Management Systems (CMSs). • Proposes a two-tier prepare–explore framework for information analysis in CMSs. • Identifies persistent gaps between current CMS capabilities and investigative needs • Recommends modular architectures to improve CMS design and workflow

Bioactive compounds such as eugenol and thymol offer significant health benefits but suffer from poor aqueous solubility and stability. To address these limitations, inclusion complexes (ICs) of eugenol and thymol with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) were prepared and subsequently encapsulated into fast-disintegrating gelatin nanofibers via electrospinning using an acetic acid/water solvent system. For comparative purposes, IC-loaded and CD-free gelatin films were also fabricated to evaluate structural and functional differences. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the production of uniform, bead-free submicron fibers. Structural analyses via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) verified successful complexation and homogeneous incorporation, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the enhanced thermal stability of the bioactive agents. 1H NMR analysis determined the complexation stoichiometry as ∼0.5:1 for eugenol and ∼0.7:1 for thymol systems. In terms of functional performance, nanofibrous mats demonstrated superior water solubility compared to films, with IC-loaded nanofibers reaching up to 87.7% solubility versus 56.4% for film formulations. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that IC-loaded nanofibers offered significantly faster and higher release rates. While films exhibited a slower profile, nanofibers achieved burst release within 10 min, and the inclusion of CDs enhanced the release capacity by 2- to 3-fold compared to pure bioactive-loaded fibers. These quantitative comparisons confirm that electrospun gelatin nanofibers containing HP-β-CD ICs provide a robust platform for the rapid oral delivery of natural bioactives.

Abstract Proper names are frequently found with nominal appositives in Ancient Greek literature. Here, I provide a description of how the peculiar semantics and pragmatics of proper names can help us understand the uses of nominal appositives with them. I demonstrate that the prototypical use of nominal appositives is to help identify the referent of a proper name. From that, a local interpretation, based on the prototypical use, can be ascribed to individual uses in which a nominal appositive does not serve the purpose of identifying a referent: it is used for characterisation. To do so, I present data from Herodotus and Thucydides, and I comment on examples from both authors, to show that the position occupied by a proper name with a nominal appositive within a referential chain is significant with respect to the character’s status in the narrative and, therefore, is related to the presence of nominal appositives.

Molecular structure, a key concept of chemistry, has remained elusive from the perspective of all-particle quantum mechanics, despite many efforts. Viewing molecular structure as a manifestation of strong statistical correlation between nuclear positions, we propose a practical method based on Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and unsupervised machine learning. Application to the D3+ molecule unambiguously shows that it possesses an equilateral triangular structure. These results provide a major step forward in our understanding of the molecular structure from fundamental quantum principles.

We investigated whether adding gastropexy to sleeve gastrectomy (SG) reduced gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients operated for severe obesity, assessed mainly by use of anti-reflux medication (ARM) and second operations due to GERD worsening. In a prospective non-randomized study, patients undergoing SG at two Norwegian hospitals were included from 2011 to 2015 and followed for 7 years. GERD was defined by regular use of ARM, and epigastric pain and heartburn were measured by the Rome II questionnaire. Gastropexy was done by suturing the gastrocolic ligament to the staple line. Patients undergoing SG only, mainly before gastropexia was introduced in 2013, were compared to those with additional gastropexy from 2013 onwards. Of 376 included patients (75% females, mean age 42.6 years and BMI 42.9 kg/m2 ), 350 (93%) and 232 (62%) were available for evaluation after 1 and 7 years, respectively. Baseline characteristics in the no-gastropexy (n = 235) and gastropexy groups (n = 141) were similar. In patients without ARM use before surgery, the use increased and in those that used ARM at baseline, the proportion decreased, with no difference in the no-gastropexy and gastropexy groups. With a combined endpoint of ARM use and/or second operation for GERD, there was no difference during follow-up between the two groups. With time, adding gastropexy did not reduce symptoms of GERD significantly. In this population, adding gastropexy to SG did not reduce use of ARM and/or second operation for uncontrolled GERD, epigastric pain or heartburn during the first 7 postoperative years.

ABSTRACT The fundamental vibrational excitation energy and the dissociation energy of the main isotopologue of lithium hydride (LiH) are studied by the variational method using all-particle explicitly correlated Gaussian (ECG) basis sets. In this approach, electrons and nuclei are treated on equal footing, i.e. the Born–Oppenheimer approximation is not assumed. The leading relativistic () and the dominating part of the quantum electrodynamics () corrections to the energy levels are accounted for in the framework of the perturbation theory. The fundamental vibrational excitation energy and the dissociation energies obtained in the calculations are well within the error bars of the available experimental data.

Abstract Crustose coralline algae (CCA) function as foundation species by creating marine carbonate hardground habitats. High‐latitude species may be vulnerable to regional warming and acidification. Here, we report the results of an experiment investigating the impacts of CO2‐induced acidification (pCO2 ∼350, 490, 890, 3,200 µatm) and temperature (∼6.5°C, 8.5°C, 12.5°C) on the skeletal density of two species of high‐latitude CCA: Clathromorphum compactum and Clathromorphum nereostratum (CN). Skeletal density of both species significantly declined with pCO2. In CN, the density of previously deposited skeleton declined in the highest pCO2 treatment. This species was also unable to precipitate new skeleton at 12.5°C, suggesting that CN will be particularly sensitive to future warming and acidification. The decline in skeletal density exhibited by both species under future pCO2 conditions could reduce their skeletal strength, potentially rendering them more vulnerable to disturbance, and impairing their production of critical habitat in high‐latitude systems.