Novita

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of emerging technologies designed to enhance coalbed methane (CBM) production, improve coal mine gas pre-drainage for safety, and reduce emissions of coal mine methane (CMM). The integrated framework and workflows combine advanced diagnostic, drilling, and fracturing techniques to address the challenges of developing low-permeability coal seams. Broader applications of Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFITs) are explored, extending their use beyond conventional stress and reservoir characterisation to include the identification of Pressure-Dependent Leakoff (PDL) and directional permeability through multi-well interference testing. This enables improved stress profiling, drainage pattern assessment, and more informed development planning. In addition, the paper discusses the evolution of indirect hydraulic fracturing and tight radius drilling (TRD) to enhance mine gas pre-drainage and emissions control, supported by innovations in micro-proppant materials and placement strategies to maintain fracture conductivity in coal seams. Field results demonstrate how DFITs and indirect fracturing improved pre-drainage at an underground Bowen Basin mine. Complementing this, the paper reviews the historical use and future potential of Tight Radius Drilling (TRD) and Surface-to-In-Seam (SIS) wells combined with reservoir barriers to further lower CMM emissions. This integrated approach brings together proven, tested, and modelled technologies suited to the unique conditions of the Surat and Bowen Basins and other low-permeability, highly stressed coal reservoirs in the Eastern Hemisphere. The novel contribution lies in presenting these methods as a cohesive workflow for CBM and CMM operators seeking practical, accessible solutions to unlock challenging reserves while enhancing safety and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Barrier implementation models are also highlighted, indicating the potential for open-cut mines to achieve up to 46% emissions reduction per square kilometre of drainage area, demonstrating substantial environmental benefits alongside production gains.

Pediatric feeding tubes (FTs) are used to support nutrition and hydration needs, but ought to be weaned when children are able to eat safely by mouth to maintain growth. We performed a scoping review of FT weaning interventions for children (<21 years) dependent on long-term FTs. Study design, patient characteristics, intervention strategies, setting, duration, interventionist(s), primary study measures, short-term and long-term outcomes are described. Two independent reviewers extracted all data and came to consensus using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology; a third reviewer resolved discrepancies as needed. Forty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions took place in outpatient or inpatient settings, although home, telemedicine, and school settings were also represented. The majority of interventions were led by interdisciplinary teams. Strategies varied and were used in combination, most commonly: parent training and/or education, hunger provocation, and behavioral approaches. Most interventions weaned a majority of children to oral feeding, often with additional success in follow-up; a handful of studies demonstrated that a minority of patients required resumption of FT after initially weaning. Successful programs weaning children from FTs to oral feeding have occurred across various environments involving heterogeneous teams and strategies. Nearly all interventions involve a combination of strategies, parent training and/or education, and three or more interventionists, demonstrating the complexity of weaning programs. To establish best practices for weaning children from FTs when medically safe to do so, future work ought to establish standard measurement tools for treatment outcomes.

PurposeTo test the comprehensibility and feasibility of the modified brief pain inventory (mBPI) and Fear of Pain Questionnaire for Children short-form (FOPQ-C-SF) adapted for children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP), with diverse cognitive and communication abilities. Improving assessment of pain interference (mBPI) and pain-related fear (FOPQ-C-SF) in CP can enhance quality of life by increasing access to under-utilised interventions targeting pain-related physical disability and mental health.MethodsA convergent mixed methods approach was used. Twenty-two people (5–30 years) with CP completed the adapted mBPI and FOPQ-C-SF in a cognitive interview, administered by pen/paper or TalkingMats®, an evidence-based visual communication framework. Cognitive interviewing approaches were adapted to optimise participation and expression for diverse cognitive and communication abilities. Quantitative data were analysed to report tool administration times, overall completion rates and communication effectiveness. Qualitative data were analysed by content analysis to determine further changes required to the tools.ResultsMedian administration times were 6.2 min (IQR = 5.3–7.6) for mBPI and 4.1 min (IQR = 2.7–4.9) for FOPQ-C-SF. All completed the mBPI. Three did not complete the FOPQ-C-SF due to fatigue, challenging behaviour and parent recommendation. Ten minor changes were identified.ConclusionThe adapted mBPI and FOPQ-C-SF are likely comprehensible and feasible for children and young people with CP, including those with diverse cognitive and communication abilities. It is likely most children and young people with CP can effectively communicate responses to both tools. The adapted tools will now undergo further psychometric testing, prior to becoming freely available for clinical and research use.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11136-025-03981-4.

This study aims to determine the determinants of capital structure complexity in the mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2017-2021 period. In this study, the factors that determine the complexity of capital structure include indicators of asset structure, company size, profitability, inflation, and interest rates, while the complexity of capital structure includes indicators of the size of the number of capital sources and the level of concentration of capital sources. The number of samples was 52 mining companies collected using purposive sampling technique. This study uses quantitative data obtained from data listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and the World Bank portal, and uses panel data regression analysis techniques. The findings show that only asset structure has a significant positive influence on the complexity of capital structure, which is measured by the number of capital sources and the concentration of capital sources. Meanwhile, the variables of firm size, profitability, interest rate and inflation have no significant influence on the complexity of capital structure in mining companies.

The aim of the study was to understand the impact of humanoid robots on student learning, the integration of the robots into the curriculum and the pedagogical approaches that enhance and extend student learning. This research is part of a larger three-year study and draws on questionnaires, interviews and journals from teachers. Collected data were triangulated to determine how the humanoid robots were utilised in the classroom and recurring themes were documented. The research findings are presented in a thematic style and provide an insight into the educational benefits of using humanoid robots. This paper will introduce the 4plus4 Model that describes deep student learning when an innovative technology such as humanoid robots is integrated into a revised pedagogy. The preliminary findings focus on the 4plus4 Model that represent a richer understanding of the deep student learning and this deep learning is evident across a range of contexts from early childhood through to secondary.

This study describes the perceptions and motivations students of Department of Primary Education concerning about the teaching profession along with the knowledge and experience they gained in college. The implications of the results of this study can provide a spectrum going forward so that Department of Primary Education study program managers can sustainably develop teacher professional programs to strengthen the identity of students as teacher candidates. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. The method used in this study is a survey method using an open questionnaire. The subjects of this study were 36 students of Department of Primary Education, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Mataram University in the afternoon 7b class. The results showed all respondents stated that this profession is a noble profession, but they can switch to other jobs if income is more adequate. 83.33% of respondents said they were ready to become teachers while 16.67% said they were not ready to go into the field independently.

This paper reports on the implementation of a humanoid robot in five school settings and evaluates the success of the implementation based on the leadership of the school principal. As part of a wider three-year multiple case study research study that investigated the use of humanoid robots in different school settings, a robot was placed in the five selected schools for a fixed period of time to see how the technology was used and how the principal’s leadership impacted on the implementation in the classroom. Multiple case study design approach allowed for exploration of the use of humanoid robots in each setting as well as a comparison between the settings. Teachers planned lessons incorporating the unfamiliar technology and used the humanoid robot as a tool to make their classes more engaging, relevant, and authentic for their students. The findings of this study highlight that principals who were invested in the implementation of the humanoid robot in the classroom, fostered a positive learning community, and were directly supporting and encouraging of their teachers; led their team to a successful implementation of the new technology in their school.

Pain in people with advanced cancer is prevalent. When a stable dose of opioids is established, people still experience episodic breakthrough pain for which dosing of an immediate release opioid is usually a proportion of the total daily dose. This multi-site, double blind, randomized trial tested three dose proportions (1/6, 1/8, 1/12 of total daily dose) in two blocks, each block with three dose proportions in random order (6 numbered bottles in total). When participants required opioid breakthrough doses and it was their first breakthrough dose for that study day, they took the next numbered bottle rather than their usual breakthrough dose. (Subsequent doses on that day reverted to their usual dose.) RESULTS: Eighty-five people were randomized in this study of whom 81 took at least one dose and 73 (90%) took at least block one (one of each dose proportion). No dose was found to be optimal at 30min with approximately one-third of participants showing maximal reduction with each dose proportion. Median time to pain relief was 120min. There were no differences in harms: drowsiness, confusion, nausea or vomiting at 30, 60 or 120min. This adequately powered study did not show any difference with three dose proportions for reduction in pain intensity, time to pain relief, pain control on the subsequent day nor any difference in harms. From first principles, this suggests 1/12 the 24 hourly dose should be used as the lowest dose that delivers benefit. Future studies should include a placebo arm. Despite the widespread use of immediate release morphine solution for breakthrough cancer pain, the ideal dose derived from background dose has not been determined in an adequately powered randomized, double-blind, crossover, dose ranging study. This study tested three dose levels in people with advanced cancer. Given no differences in time to onset, level of analgesia achieved, nor side effects, the lowest dose tested (1/12th of the daily dose) should be used.

Background: Physical activity in palliative care patients is closely linked to independence, function, carer burden, prognosis, and quality of life. Changes in physical activity can also be related to service provision needs, including requirements for support and prognosis. However, the objective measurement of physical activity is challenging, with options, including self-report, invasive and intensive measures such as calorimetry, or newer options such as pedometers and accelerometers. This latter option is also becoming more viable with the advent of consumer technology driven by the health and exercise industry. Objective: In this article, we highlight our experiences of activity monitoring in palliative care patients as part of telehealth trial. We also highlight the strengths and limitations of activity monitoring in the palliative care population and potential applications. Conclusions: Although the advent of consumer technology for activity measurement makes their use seem attractive in clinical settings for palliative care patients, there are a number of issues that must be considered, in particular the reason for the activity monitoring and associated limitations in the technology.