Oakland University

This case report describes the first documented use of lenacapavir in the setting of Y188L NNRTI resistance mutation during pregnancy, resulting in successful maternal viral suppression and prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. A 24-year-old woman with prior poor adherence, socioeconomic instability, and NNRTI resistance (Y188L mutation) presented with uncontrolled viremia during her second pregnancy. After consultation with perinatal HIV experts, she initiated a long-acting injectable regimen combining lenacapavir (927mg subcutaneous every 6months) and cabotegravir/rilpivirine (600/900mg intramuscular every 2months). Rapid viral load reduction was achieved, declining from 147,351 to 67 copies/mL within weeks. Despite transient hepatotoxicity, the patient delivered an HIV-negative infant at term. Maternal HIV RNA remained <50 copies/mL postpartum and became undetectable by January 2025. The infant remained HIV-negative at 18-months follow-up. This case demonstrates the potential role of long-acting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in achieving sustained virologic control among pregnant patients with adherence challenges and drug resistance. While lenacapavir shows promise as a biannual agent addressing barriers to adherence, its pharmacokinetics and safety during pregnancy remain uncharacterized. These findings underscore the urgent need for systematic studies and pregnancy registries evaluating long-acting ART agents in maternal populations to optimize outcomes and eliminate vertical transmission in hard-to-treat cases.

Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) are specialized for cross-presenting tumor antigens and determining the efficacy of immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell therapy. However, their rarity and tumor-induced dysfunction severely limit CD8 T cell priming and represent a central bottleneck to therapeutic efficacy. While strategies such as anti-DEC-205-mediated antigen delivery and Flt3L-driven DC expansion can enhance host DC function, their reliance on functional cDC1s remains a significant constraint. We developed Tim-3-targeted vaccines by conjugating tumor antigens or neoantigens to anti-Tim-3 antibodies. These vaccines delivered antigens to both cDC1s and cDC2s, and elicited robust, durable CD8 T cell responses. Remarkably, Tim-3-targeted vaccines endowed cDC2s with efficient cross-presentation capacity that matched that of cDC1s. In tumor-bearing mice or in CD11c-β-cateninactive mice, which model β-catenin-driven DC dysfunction, Tim-3-targeted vaccination restored cross-priming and counteracted tumor- and DC-mediated immunosuppression. In Batf3-/- mice lacking cDC1s, anti-Tim-3-based vaccines still elicited significant CD8 T cell cross-priming and tumor control-albeit both were reduced compared to wild-type mice- demonstrating that cDC1s contribute to but are not essential for Tim-3-targeted vaccine-induced CD8 T cell priming and anti-tumor efficacy. Strikingly, a single dose of anti-Tim-3-neoantigen vaccination eradicated large established MC38 tumors in a CD8 T cell-dependent manner. Together, these data identify Tim-3-targeted vaccines as a next-generation cancer vaccine platform that broadens DC engagement, reduces reliance on cDC1s, and overcomes tumor- and DC-mediated immunosuppression, addressing key limitations of current DC-based cancer vaccines.

The economic and societal advantages of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM) occupations are considerable; however, access to STEMM education and training opportunities is unequal, especially for youth from low-socioeconomic-status (SES) areas. Young people from low-SES areas may experience sustained structural, financial, and social barriers that limit their ability to develop identities as STEMM practitioners and to persist in pursuing these fields. This case study describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a community-based mini-medical summer camp held in a low-SES area to support the development of STEMM identities and to increase 6th–11th-grade students’ biomedical and medical knowledge and career interests. The program utilized partnerships with local entities to provide access to biomedical and medical content. Nineteen students completed the program; fifteen consented to and assented to assessment using pre- and post-tests of STEMM-related knowledge and self-efficacy, and completed all measurements. Students’ STEMM knowledge levels increased significantly; however, their STEMM self-efficacy did not change, possibly due to high initial confidence and the short duration of participation. Students reported high engagement and increased interest in the sciences and medicine. Overall, this study suggests that community-centered outreach programs can increase STEMM engagement and learning in low-SES environments.

Large Language Models (LLMs), pre-trained on massive text corpora, exhibit remarkable human-level language understanding, reasoning, and decision-making abilities. However, they tend to memorize unwanted information, such as private or copyrighted content, raising significant privacy and legal concerns. Unlearning has emerged as a promising solution, but existing methods face a significant challenge of over-forgetting. This issue arises because they indiscriminately suppress the generation of all the tokens in forget samples, leading to a substantial loss of model utility. To overcome this challenge, we introduce the Targeted Information Forgetting (TIF) framework, which consists of (1) a flexible targeted information identifier designed to differentiate between unwanted words (UW) and general words (GW) in the forget samples, and (2) a novel Targeted Preference Optimization approach that leverages Logit Preference Loss to unlearn unwanted information associated with UW and Preservation Loss to retain general information in GW, effectively improving the unlearning process while mitigating utility degradation. Extensive experiments on the TOFU and MUSE benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed TIF framework enhances unlearning effectiveness while preserving model utility and achieving state-of-the-art results.

Purpose This study aims to systematically review the body of research on the association between China’s anti-corruption campaign and corporate finance. In addition, the authors summarize findings related to crime prevention and detection in firm settings and contextualize these findings by comparing them with evidence from other countries. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive survey is conducted to synthesize existing studies that examine the effects of the anti-corruption campaign, as well as crime prevention and detection, in firm settings. Findings The survey shows that the anti-corruption campaign has produced positive changes in several aspects of corporate finance, such as financing policies and investment efficiency. However, its impact on other aspects, including financial performance and firm value, appears to be negative or mixed. The effects of the anti-corruption campaign vary by ownership structure, with state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-SOEs exhibiting distinct responses and outcomes. Moreover, the authors analyze the underlying mechanisms through which anti-corruption policies influence corporate finance characteristics. From a criminological perspective, this review contributes to the literature on financial crime prevention and deterrence by showing that China’s anti-corruption campaign, as a form of intensified state regulation, may restructure opportunities for mitigating and preventing crimes such as bribery and graft in corporate settings in China. Finally, the authors offer policy recommendations and identify several directions for future research. Originality/value This paper provides the first systematic survey that not only examines the outcomes of anti-corruption campaigns and their effects on firm characteristics but also synthesizes existing findings from the perspective of crime prevention and detection within firms.

ABSTRACT Fibrous tissues are characterized by angular anisotropy of relaxation times at the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing. The anisotropy is associated with the water distribution inside such tissues, and its determination requires multiple experiments with the sample rotation relative to the magnetic field. In this paper a quantitative link between a single NMR echo decay and the structure and fluctuations of the water‐filled nanocavity in tendon is established, without orientation‐dependent relaxation measurements. Echo decays were acquired from Achilles tendon using the Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill and spin‐locking sequences. To determine the relationship between the NMR relaxation and the structure and fluctuations of water‐filled nanocavities, a physical model was used based on the representation of the tendon as a set of nanocavities and the averaged Hamiltonian of the dipole–dipole spin interaction. Two distinct nanocavity types were identified, which differ in the parameters of the nanocavity structure and their fluctuations. Non‐invasive quantitative assessment of the nanocavity structural characteristics opens a way to develop biomarkers for detecting pathological changes in a tendon.

Abstract According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2023, 1.5 million adults attempted suicide (1). To address this mental health emergency, suicide prevention workshops have been introduced to resident physicians (5). However there exists a gap in suicide education for medical students, especially in the preclinical years. This study evaluated the feasibility and impact of integrating safeTALK, a standardized suicide prevention training, into the preclinical curriculum at Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB). safeTALK was piloted as both an optional and a required component of the OUWB curriculum, and students completed pre- and post-training surveys assessing their self-perceived preparedness to identify and handle a mental health crisis. Our data shows that incorporating a brief suicide prevention program like safeTALK significantly increased students’ self-perceived abilities to both identify and handle a mental crisis. Integrating this training into the preclinical medical curriculum is both feasible and effective in improving students’ preparedness to engage with real-world mental health crises. Broader adoption of suicide prevention training in the medical school curriculum can help foster a culture of mental health awareness and equip students with life-saving intervention skills.