Observatori de l'Ebre

Background: Myocardial injury is a known predictor of adverse outcomes. However, the impact of sex on its presentation, management, and prognosis is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to examine these differences in a tertiary hospital setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of consecutive emergency department patients undergoing troponin testing from January 2012 to December 2013. Myocardial injury was classified as type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI), type 2 myocardial infarction, or non-ischemic myocardial injury (NIMI). Clinical characteristics, management, and short- and long-term outcomes were compared by sex over a median follow-up of four years. Interaction analyses were performed to assess whether the effect of myocardial injury on outcomes differed between men and women. Results: Among 3620 patients, myocardial injury was more prevalent in men (31.4% vs. 25.8%; p < 0.001), with male sex independently associated with myocardial injury (odds ratio 1.32; 95% CI 1.11-1.58; p = 0.002). Risk factor profiles and electrocardiographic findings differed between sexes. NIMI was more common in women, while T1MI predominated in men (p < 0.001). Women with myocardial injury were less frequently hospitalized than men (63.1% vs. 74.3%, p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, long-term mortality was slightly higher in men (HR 3.39; 95% CI 2.73-4.21; p < 0.001), whereas women had higher adjusted risks of myocardial infarction (MI) (HR 4.11; 95% CI 2.35-7.17; p < 0.001) and heart failure (HF) (HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.25-2.55; p = 0.002). No significant interaction between sex and myocardial injury was observed for any outcome. Conclusions: Significant sex differences exist in myocardial injury type and prognosis. Women face increased risk of future MI and HF, whereas men have higher mortality risk. The effect of myocardial injury on long-term outcomes appears similar in both sexes.

ABSTRACTHigh‐fat (HF) diets contribute to obesity, insulin resistance, fatty liver, gut microbiota dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and low‐grade chronic inflammation. This study evaluated the preventive effects of dietary Type 2 resistant starch (RS2) from high‐amylose maize and low‐dose d‐fagomine (FG) from buckwheat on these metabolic disturbances. Male Wistar‐Kyoto rats (9–10 weeks old) were assigned to four diet groups for 10 weeks: standard (STD) diet, HF diet (45% kcal from fat), HF + RS diet (15% RS2), and HF + FG diet (0.1% FG). Body characteristics, metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and eicosanoids were analyzed. Both HF + RS and HF + FG diets reduced perigonadal fat, plasma triacylglycerols, and oxidative stress. HF + RS diet improved glucose tolerance without significantly affecting insulin sensitivity, while HF + FG diet showed a tendency for improvement at later stages. Additionally, HF + RS diet showed greater beneficial effects on body weight and liver steatosis than HF + FG diet, likely due to gut microbiota and SCFA modulation. RS2 exerted stronger metabolic effects than FG under HF diet conditions, suggesting its greater potential in mitigating obesity‐related complications. FG effects may require longer exposure to manifest.

Abstract Controlling the selectivity in palladium‐catalyzed telomerization of nonsymmetric dienes represents a challenge as several isomers can be obtained, although the four resulting from the attack of the nucleophile at the terminal carbon atom are the main products. Concerning telomerization of isoprene using amines as nucleophiles, the selectivity for three of these four isomers, tail‐to‐head, head‐to‐head, and tail‐to‐tail (1–3), were previously optimized as a result of solvent (pKa) and ligand control. However, the head‐to‐tail telomer (4) was always obtained in low selectivity. In this paper, we test different Pd catalytic systems with phosphine, phosphite, and phosphoramidite ligands under different solvents and pKa conditions to improve the selectivity for telomers 3 and 4. Results showed that, in the telomerization of isoprene with diethyl amine using non‐protic solvents and phosphite ligands with large cone angle afforded telomer 3 in high yield and selectivity (up to 90% yield and 90% selectivity for 3). Phosphite ligands with small cone angle provided telomer 4 with selectivity of 43% (80% yield), which was raised to 48% (23% yield) with iPr2NH as nucleophile. The significant effect of residual water on the solvent was quantitatively accessed, and greener solvents were tested as alternative for this reaction.

Abstract We demonstrate that TOI-6883 is a physically bound visual binary system composed of two solar-type stars, TOI-6883A (TIC 393818343) and TOI-6883B (TIC 393818340), initially regarded as a single star hosting the exoplanet TOI-6883b. Gaia DR3 astrometry shows that both stars have nearly identical parallaxes (∼10.6 mas), consistent proper motions, and a projected separation of ∼616 au, confirming their binary nature. Using astrometric and photometric data, we estimate the stellar masses, physical separation, and an orbital period of ∼15,000 yr. The system is energetically bound. We revise the planet’s designation to TOI-6883Ab to reflect stellar multiplicity. We evaluate the impact of the binary companion on planetary stability and find the planet’s orbit to be long-term stable, although Kozai–Lidov perturbations remain possible. Further astrometric and photometric follow-up will be essential to better constrain the binary orbit and assess potential dynamical influences on the planetary architecture.

Abstract SignificanceA new platform/device is presented that advances hybrid diffuse optical monitors closed to clinical practice, bridging the gap between research-grade optical systems and practical bedside applications. Traditional devices often lack automation, multi-parameter functionality, and operator independence, hence, limiting their usability in demanding clinical environments. By offering automation, user-friendly operation, and overcoming the typical limitations of continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy, the hybrid diffuse optical platform (hDOS) provides a more accurate and reliable assessment of both oxygenation and perfusion. This innovation is particularly valuable for monitoring critically ill patients, where precise real-time measurements can directly influence patient management and outcomes.AimTo design, validate, and characterize the platform hDOS that integrates time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, and a pulse oximeter with an automated vascular occlusion test (VOT). The platform aims to support continuous monitoring and the assessment of peripheral microvascular, and metabolic functions in both clinical and field settings.ApproachThe validation strategy for the hDOS device follows a comprehensive approach that goes beyond conventional optical performance assessments. Rather than solely verifying fundamental system parameters, the evaluation comprises of real-world usability, operator and patient safety, and clinical implementation. The device’s precision and usability were rigorously testedin vivothrough test-retest measurements and comparisons with a commercially available device (INVOS 5100C). This was subsequently followed by a seven-month clinical evaluation at Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari.ResultsThe device underwent extensive validation, accumulating over 200 hours of usage across approximately 150 measurement sessions. The hDOS device exhibited two-fold lower inter-subject and intra-subject variability in baseline tissue oxygen saturation compared to the INVOS 5100C. Furthermore, during a a vascular occlusion challenge, statistically significant differences were observed between the two systems across all extracted parameters. Finally, as a proof of concept, hDOS successfully detected differences in the microvasculature between a general mixed ICU patient cohort (n= 100) and a healthy control group (n= 37).ConclusionsOverall, hDOS device has performed well in both bench-top and realistic clinical applications on patientsin vivo. hDOS device provides a unique combination of parameters, available for the first time in a fully automated, self-contained platform.

This study analyzes the climatology of Large Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) over Europe from 2014 to 2023 using the HF-Interferometry method (HF-INT), which provides LSTID’s activity detected in near-real-time by a network of European ionosondes. For this purpose, this LSTID activity has been analyzed in depth and a Catalogue of observed LSTID events has been obtained providing, among others, the onset time, duration, dominant period, and propagation velocity vector of each LSTID event. The results, derived from this Catalogue of LSTIDs, reveal that LSTID occurrence is significantly dependent on local time, seasonal variations, and geomagnetic conditions, with activity peaks observed during equinoxes, particularly at night and in the early morning hours. Key propagation characteristics include velocities ranging from 500 m/s to 700 m/s and azimuths, suggesting a southward direction, closely associated with auroral activity. Additionally, a distinct westward propagation in the morning hours is attributed to the solar terminator effect.

Abstract. In semi-arid irrigated environments, agricultural drainage is at the heart of three agro-environmental issues: it is an indicator of water productivity, it is the main control to prevent soil salinization and waterlogging problems, and it is related to the health of downstream ecosystems. Crop water balance models combined with subsurface models can estimate drainage quantities and dynamics at various spatial scales. However, such models' precision (capacity of a model to fit the observed drainage using site-specific calibration) and accuracy (capacity of a model to approximate observed drainage using default input parameters) have not yet been assessed in irrigated areas. To fill the gap, this study evaluates four parsimonious drainage models based on the combination of two surface models (RU and SAMIR) and two subsurface models (Reservoir and SIDRA) with varying complexity levels: RU-Reservoir, RU-SIDRA, SAMIR-Reservoir, and SAMIR-SIDRA. All models were applied over two sub-basins of the Algerri–Balaguer irrigation district, northeastern Spain, equipped with surface and subsurface drains driving the drained water to general outlets where the discharge is continuously monitored. Results show that RU-Reservoir is the most precise (average KGE (Q0.5) of 0.87), followed by SAMIR-Reservoir (average KGE (Q0.5) of 0.79). However, SAMIR-Reservoir is the most accurate model for providing rough drainage estimates using the default input parameters provided in the literature.

Abstract Water budget over anthropized basins is profoundly altered by human interventions, among which irrigation prevails. This study investigates how such water use affects hydrological flux and state variables by comparing two SURFEX/ISBA (SURFace EXternalisée/Interaction Sol Biosphère Atmosphère) Land Surface Model simulations performed over a portion of the Ebro basin (Spain) that includes a heavily irrigated area. The first simulation is forced by atmospheric input only, while the second one is fed with atmospheric forcing plus remote sensing‐derived irrigation amounts added to the liquid precipitation. Four main hydrological output variables are compared under the two configurations: surface soil moisture (SM), total evaporative flux (i.e., the sum of components from bare soil and vegetation) (E), drainage, and runoff. Results indicate that SM and E are the variables mostly impacted during the main watering season. Considering mean daily rates per each month, a maximum increase of +30% and of +220% is found over the irrigation districts in July for SM and E, respectively. The reliability of the results is supported by comparisons with satellite evapotranspiration data from MODIS (MODerate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The inclusion of irrigation reduces the RMSE between monthly anomalies of modeled E and of MODIS reference data by 41% during the main watering season. Further validation through wavelet coherence analysis is also proposed. This study sheds light on the potential of explicit satellite‐derived irrigation water use data that, when integrated into modeling platforms, allow us to track and quantify anthropogenic impacts on water resources.