Ocean Doctor

<p dir="ltr">Accurate and timely cancer detection remains a persistent challenge. This dissertation, titled "Tumor-Associated Natural Killer Cells and Ultrasensitive Nano Biosensors for Minimally Invasive Cancer Diagnosis," explores Natural Killer (NK) cells in blood as a potential platform for blood-based cancer detection. NK cells are a crucial component of the immune system, serving as the first line of defence against cancer. As NK cells can discriminate between cancerous cells and other healthy cells, their diagnostic value is significant. However, detecting these rare tumor associated NK cells is challenging. An ultrasensitive Nano Biosensor was hence developed utilizing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as the detection methodology. The nano sensor achieved single-cell sensitivity and can detect analytes at femtomolar levels. Machine learning algorithms analysed signals from tumor-associated NK cells and detected metabolic changes upon tumor interactions.</p><p dir="ltr">The thesis comprises five research projects focusing on different NK cell components (cells, exosomes, DNA) for detecting various cancers. The first paper differentiates lung, breast, and colon cancer from healthy cells based on spectral changes. Building on this success, the second project detects metastasis by identifying tumor-specific and metastasis-specific signals exhibited by NK cells. The third paper explores the potential of NK exosomes in identifying brain cancer, showing that NK exosomes can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for brain cancer diagnosis. The fourth paper utilizes NK cell DNA as a biomarker for colon cancer by analyzing specific genetic alterations. The fifth paper proposes a combined approach using NK and T cells to identify breast cancer. Although these projects cover diverse topics, they are united by a common idea of detecting informative metabolic features of NK cells and identifying the spectral changes upon tumor interaction.</p><p dir="ltr">The potential applications of this technology are extensive. The proposed method is non invasive and leverages the body's natural intelligence to detect cancer, opening new directions in liquid biopsy-based cancer diagnostics. This technology has the potential to aid in identifying individuals likely to benefit from specific medications, enabling patient stratification for clinical trials and facilitating therapeutic response monitoring through blood tests.</p><p dir="ltr"><br></p>

With the increasing need for digitalization in mining production, the relevance of applying modern geodesy and surveying technologies, particularly using digital communication systems and satellite navigation, has significantly increased. Scientific and technical progress has enabled the development and implementation of high-precision measurement technologies that significantly surpass traditional methods in performance and accuracy. A differential correction base station utilizing GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) data for measurements is created as a part of the geodetic work automation at Kacharsk deposit. This article presents the development of a software and a technical facility for a high-precision satellite positioning system, which has successfully passed all testing stages and has been implemented in industrial operation. This integrated system allows measurement tasks to be performed in real-time and post-processing modes, taking into account the complex conditions of signal transmission at the depths of quarries and beyond the dumps. The work was conducted by the D.A. Kunayev Mining Institute in collaboration with the Institute of Space Technique and Technology. The project co-financing by a private partner JSC "SSGPO". The development includes creating a differential correction center, which facilitates the transmission of correction information and differential corrections to mobile devices at the site. This provides the increased measurement accuracy and optimized production management processes in the constantly changing geometry of the quarry. A software-based mathematical algorithm for processing and analyzing satellite data has been developed within the project, significantly enhancing the efficiency of geodetic measurements. The implementation of satellite technologies not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of geodetic works but also promotes the digital transformation of the entire production process at Kacharsk deposit. Such developments are a key element in the strategy of creating an “intelligent mine”, where all processes are maximally automated and optimized to ensure safety, efficiency and sustainability of production. In the context of sustainable development, the adoption of these technologies also contributes to minimizing the environmental impact of mineral extraction through precise positioning and planning of mining, leading to reduced waste and optimized resource usage. Financing and support for such projects highlight the importance of integrating science and technology into the sustainable development of the industry. This research is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. BR23991563). The authors also express their profound gratitude for the assistance in implementing the developed high-precision satellite positioning system into industrial operation to the scientific staff of the Institute of Space Technique and Technology, A. S. Raskaliev, A. I. Samsonenko and S. Zh. Zhumagali.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferative disorder where pathologic Langerhans cell accumulate in a various organ. We report a case of 28 years’ male who was admitted in medical ward for initial evaluation of pneumothorax and increased thirst. Laboratory workup revealed central diabetes insipidus. After careful examination, a skin lesion was found from which biopsy and immunophenotyping was performed that lead to the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with multisystem involvement. Patient was managed as per LCH protocol and intranasal desmopressin was prescribed for Diabetes Insipidus.