Ohio Business College

David Benatar claims that everyone was seriously harmed by coming into existence. To spare future persons from this suffering, we should cease having children, Benatar argues, with the result that humanity would gradually go extinct. Benatar’s claim of universal serious harm is baseless. Each year, an estimated 94% of children born throughout the world do not have a serious birth defect. Furthermore, studies show that most people do not experience chronic pain. Although nearly everyone experiences acute pain and discomforts, such as thirst, these experiences have instrumental value. For example, when a person picks up a hot object, in response to the pain, the person releases the object, thereby preventing serious harm. The standard that Benatar uses to evaluate the quality of our lives is arbitrary, as I will demonstrate. His proposal that we phase humanity out of existence by ceasing to have children is misguided and an overreaction to the problem of human suffering. The ‘threshold conception of harm’, which is a targeted approach for preventing future persons from suffering, is a more sensible approach.

The intercalated disk (ID) is a specialized subcellular region that provides electrical and mechanical connections between myocytes in the heart. The ID has a clearly defined passive role in cardiac tissue, transmitting mechanical forces and electrical currents between cells. Recent studies have shown that Na+ channels, the primary current responsible for cardiac excitation, are preferentially localized at the ID, particularly within nanodomains such as the gap junction-adjacent perinexus and mechanical junction-associated adhesion-excitability nodes, and that perturbations of ID structure, such as those that appear in disease states like heart failure or atrial fibrillation, alter cardiac conduction. This suggests that the ID may play an important, active role in regulating conduction. However, no systematic investigation of how ID nanostructure influences cardiac conduction in health or disease has yet been done. Based on our previously published work, we develop an approach to integrate the distribution of ion channels within the ID and ID nanoscale structure in a realistic finite element model, based on experimental measurements from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) images. Tissue-scale simulations demonstrated that ID structural heterogeneity leads to significant spatial variation in electrical polarization within the intercellular cleft. Importantly, we find that this heterogeneous cleft polarization regulates conduction by desynchronizing the activation of post-junctional Na+ currents. Further, we find that disruption of local ID nanodomains can lead to either conduction slowing or enhancing, depending on gap junctional coupling strength. Overall, our study demonstrates that ID nanoscale structure and ion channel distribution can play a significant role in regulating cardiac conduction.

This study develops theoretical propositions regarding the role that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) plays in enhancing an organization's level of acquisitive and experimental learning. It also develops propositions concerning the manner in which a firm's ability to directly link itself to disparate sources of knowledge (network range) impacts the relationship between EO and acquisitive learning, as well as how a firm's ability to maintain a series of strong ties within a network (network closure) impacts the relationship between EO and experimental learning. Finally, propositions are developed regarding how firms can most effectively utilize EO and network participation to maximize levels of organizational learning while conserving their limited resources.

Many of the cross-cultural intermediaries who figure in the New Zealand historiography operated in ‘middle ground’ situations. However, in New Zealand as elsewhere in the Pacific, intermediaries also had roles to play in settings where the authority of the colonial state was more or less assured. Working from government records and the 1920 diary of the Pakeha interpreter Ben Keys, this article examines the sorts of cross-cultural expertise involved in negotiating sales and leases of Maori land and probes the relationship between such instrumental uses of knowledge of Maori culture and the ethnographic interests that this work nurtured. For some settlers, Keys included, amateur ethnographic inquiry constituted the active intellectual work of being a New Zealander. By examining the work of an intermediary and amateur ethnographer in an age of automobiles and cinemas, I seek to demonstrate — in a modest, textured way — how the colonization of New Zealand was an ongoing, twentieth-century process in the sphere of economics and law as well as culture and identity.

Electrolyte ions moving in a magnetic field produce a velocity component transverse to the electric and magnetic fields. This phenomenon can be alternatively termed as the Hall effect, a magnetohydrodynamic transducer, or a liquid-state electromagnetic transducer. In electrolytes, the viscous drag of the electrolyte fluid is dominant, so the ion deflection soon reaches a terminal velocity dependent only on the electric field strength. The alternating velocity component transverse to the electric and magnetic fields produces a pressure wave due to the viscous drag of the fluid on the ions. Acoustic waves of very high frequencies can be produced since the mass of an ion is very small. Theory for this method of generating sound waves by ultrahigh frequency (UHF) electromagnetic wave impinging on a conducting medium in a magnetic field, causing a conduction current to flow near the surface (skin effect), is presented. Experiments were performed in an electrolyte at frequencies from 8 kHz to 1 MHz to study the effects of electrode size, ionic mobility, and ionic concentration. In the reciprocal effect, ions moving en masse with the particle velocity of a passing acoustic wave induce an alternating voltage between a pair of electrodes in a transverse magnetic field.

American Business Law JournalVolume 30, Issue 1 p. 143-168 THE EXTRATERRITORIALITY ISSUE: A TITLE VII CASE STUDY JANICE R. FRANKE, JANICE R. FRANKE Assistant Professor of Business Law, College of Business, Ohio State University.Search for more papers by this authorMARIA WHITTAKER, MARIA WHITTAKER Assistant Professor of Business Law, College of Business, Ohio State University.Search for more papers by this author JANICE R. FRANKE, JANICE R. FRANKE Assistant Professor of Business Law, College of Business, Ohio State University.Search for more papers by this authorMARIA WHITTAKER, MARIA WHITTAKER Assistant Professor of Business Law, College of Business, Ohio State University.Search for more papers by this author First published: May 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.1992.tb00658.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume30, Issue1May 1992Pages 143-168 RelatedInformation