Olivet Nazarene University

Using a qualitative survey, this study explores the perceptions of university culture and community held by graduate-level online adjunct instructors in two different schools of education. The intention of the research was to determine how the online adjuncts perceived their position within the university community and to solicit recommendations for improving the professional relationship between the schools themselves and their online adjuncts. The findings of this educational research add to the growing body of knowledge highlighting the importance and relevance of enhancing collegiality, communication, and collaboration with and among online adjunct instructors and the possible connection of adjuncts’ flourishing to student retention and persistence. Survey results suggested that communication, collaboration, respect, recognition, and systems of support were critical aspects that impacted the perceived climate and culture of adjuncts in an online teaching modality. This research demonstrates one avenue for engaging online adjunct faculty in building a framework for their support based on their own suggestions and recommendations. Universities, departments, or programs that offer multiple opportunities to collaborate may improve course content, collegiality, and connections with online adjunct instructors and the students they serve.

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Study ObjectivesOur sleep extension intervention in adolescents showed that gradually shifting weekday bedtime earlier plus one weekend of morning bright light advanced circadian phase and increased weeknight sleep duration. Here, we examine at-home maintenance of these changes.MethodsFourteen adolescents (15.3–17.9 years; 7 female) completed a 7-week study. After usual sleep at home (2-week baseline), intervention participants (n = 8) gradually advanced weekday bedtime (1 hour earlier than baseline during week 3; 2 hours earlier in week 4) and received bright light (~6000 lux; 2.5 hours) on both mornings of the intervening weekend. During three maintenance weeks, intervention participants were instructed to maintain their school-day wake-up time on all days, keep their early week four bedtimes, except on weekends when they could go to bed up to 1 hour later, and get a 2.5-hour light box exposure within 5 minutes of waking on one morning (Saturday or Sunday) of both weekends at home. Control participants (n = 6) slept as usual at home and did not receive weekend bright light. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured after the 2-week baseline, 2-week intervention, and 3-week maintenance in all participants. Actigraphic sleep–wake was collected throughout.ResultsAfter the 2-week intervention, DLMOs advanced more compared to control (37.0 ± 40.0 minutes vs. −14.7 ± 16.6 minutes), weekday sleep duration increased by 69.7 ± 27.8 minutes and sleep onset was 103.7 ± 14.2 minutes earlier compared to baseline. After three maintenance weeks, intervention participants showed negligible DLMO delays (−4.9 ± 22.9 minutes); weekday fall-asleep times and sleep durations also remained stable.ConclusionsEarly circadian phase and extended sleep can be maintained with at-home weekend bright light.

No Brasil, apesar do número crescente de igrejas do ramo evangélico, as escolas de arquitetura continuam, em grande parte, considerando apenas a tradição católica como representante da chamada arquitetura religiosa. O presente artigo apresenta discussões emergidas em uma pesquisa que se debruçou sobre os usos e significados do templo religioso como Lugar de experiência afetiva. Tendo por base o caso da igreja Batista, tal pesquisa buscou identificar os sentidos e espaços de manifestação de uma visão de mundo específicas. Com isso, esperase contribuir com um alargamento das questões culturais que envolvem o tema da arquitetura religiosa, que abrange um grande número de usuários ainda pouco visíveis pelos olhares acadêmicos.

Research on the impact of time since trauma (TST) on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment outcomes lacks consensus and has not been examined in cognitive processing therapy (CPT)-based intensive PTSD treatment programs (ITPs). Furthermore, little is known about how TST impacts other trauma-related outcomes, such as depressive symptoms and negative posttrauma cognitions. We examined whether TST predicted severity and changes in PTSD and depressive symptoms and negative posttrauma cognitions, controlling for trauma type (combat or military sexual trauma), age, sex, and race, in two separate samples of veterans with PTSD who completed 2-week (n = 132) or 3-week (n = 407) CPT-based ITPs. In the 3-week sample, PTSD symptom reduction differed based on TST; however, these differences lacked clinical significance, TST x Time R2 b = .002, and were not replicated in the 2-week sample, R2 b < .001. TST did not significantly predict depressive symptoms, R2 b = .005, or negative posttrauma cognition severity or changes, R2 b = .002, in the 3-week sample. In the 2-week sample, linear mixed-effects models indicated that TST also did not significantly predict PTSD or depressive symptoms, R2 b s < .001, or negative posttrauma cognition severity or changes, R2 b s = .002. These findings suggest that TST is not a clinically relevant predictor of PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, or negative posttrauma cognitions among individuals engaged in CPT-based ITPs. Future research should investigate the association between TST and trauma-related outcomes in more trauma type- and age-diverse samples within different intensive treatment settings.

The ChallengeDeveloping Advanced speaking proficiency in the TL is an important goal for teacher candidates. However, what happens after they begin teaching? Do in‐service teachers' proficiency levels improve, remain the same, or decline over time? How can teachers maintain or improve their proficiency?

Mosquitoes (Culicidae) are ubiquitous flying insects that function as vectors for several viruses that cause disease in humans. Mosquito abundance and diversity are influenced by landscape features and environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation and vary across seasons and years. The range and phenology of many mosquito species that vector viruses relevant to human health are changing. We sampled mosquito communities in central Oklahoma for four years at thirteen sites, collecting over 25,000 mosquitoes; among these, we identified 27 different species, including several that transmit human pathogens and were collected in suburban backyards. Community composition differed across the landscape and changed from early season to late season and year to year. This effort to describe mosquito communities in Oklahoma is a first step toward assessing and predicting arbovirus risk, an ongoing and dynamic public health challenge.

This article examines ethical decision-making related to insider trading. Using case study scenarios, the authors shed light on differences in evaluating the use of material nonpublic information when the expected outcomes of insider trading benefit clients versus the investment professional trading on inside information. Participants perceive insider trading that is expected to benefit clients to be a less egregious ethical violation, even though it is as equally illegal as trading to benefit oneself directly. Although the judgment about insider trading should be independent of the benefit recipient, it is not. Given the increasing regulatory scrutiny of ethical behavior, this finding is important because professionals’ duties to (1) pursue clients’ best interests and (2) protect capital markets may represent conflicting obligations when evaluating whether to use material nonpublic information. In addition, the results show that individuals with a professional credential tend to view insider trading to be more unethical compared with others without a credential. <b>TOPICS:</b>Legal/regulatory/public policy, security analysis and valuation, risk management <b>Key Findings</b> ▪ In most jurisdictions, trading on material nonpublic information is prohibited, even when an investment manager is required to act in clients’ best interests. Instead, the requirement to maintain market integrity typically trumps clients’ interests. ▪ Our survey results show that trading on inside information for personal benefit is viewed as significantly more unethical than is trading on inside information for the benefit of clients. Professionals with a specialized investment credential are the most stringent in their views. ▪ Because protecting clients from potentially adverse market movements is desirable, and is viewed as somewhat ethical, our results suggest that the legal primacy of market integrity should be reexamined.

Metabolic systems form the very foundation of life and as such are broadly taught in the molecular life sciences. Here, we describe the biochemistry educator community-based development and use of an assessment instrument designed to evaluate students’ ideas about metabolic pathway dynamics and regulation in undergraduate biochemistry courses. Analysis of student responses showed that most students were able to interpret visual representations in an unfamiliar metabolic pathway and that many could make basic predictions about how the system would be expected to respond to changes. However, fewer students generated nuanced responses that accounted for both microscopic changes at the protein level and macroscopic changes in pathway product outputs. These findings identify some of the challenges of meaningfully assessing students’ understanding of metabolic pathways and could inform how instructors think about teaching and assessing metabolism in undergraduate biochemistry and beyond. The results also suggest future avenues for biochemistry education research.