Olympic Medical Center

Abstract Since the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992), international frameworks have emphasized benefit-sharing and private-sector engagement in conservation, a call reinforced by the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (2022). Yet biodiversity continues to decline, highlighting the need for funding models that effectively link commerce with conservation. Here, we examine how the fragrance industry—a sector deeply dependent on plant diversity and cultural value chains—can contribute more meaningfully to global plant conservation. Drawing on international policy frameworks, published literature, and illustrative conservation–industry partnerships, we assess mechanisms through which fragrance-related initiatives support biodiversity protection, accountability, and culturally grounded conservation narratives. We then examine The Red List Project as a conservation-first model that integrates biodiversity objectives directly into fragranced product development, using scent inspiration rather than wild harvesting. We argue that scaling such approaches could reposition the fragrance industry as an active partner in safeguarding plant diversity, biocultural heritage, and equitable benefit-sharing.

We aim to examine the growing influence of testimonial-based and marketing-driven practices in orthopaedics, particularly in joint arthroplasty, and to highlight how these trends threaten scientific integrity, patient safety and the responsible adoption of novel techniques and technologies. This editorial synthesizes current evidence, regulatory conditions and economic pressures shaping orthopaedic practice. By drawing on published research, examples of marketed surgical approaches and cross-regional comparisons of health-care environments, it critically evaluates how innovations are introduced, promoted and adopted. The discussion emphasizes the contrast between evidence-based processes and commercially driven strategies, including trademarked surgical approaches and subscription-based certification models. A shift from evidence-based to endorsement-driven decision-making is increasingly evident, especially in the United States, where high health-care expenditures and marketing permissiveness enable rapid proliferation of branded surgical approaches. In hip and knee arthroplasty, well-established techniques are frequently rebranded without accompanying scientific validation, while aggressive marketing and certification schemes create misleading perceptions of novelty and superiority. Regulatory constraints in Europe, although imperfect, slow the spread of unproven innovations and require more rigorous evaluation. The combined effects of market pressure, inconsistent oversight and uneven global innovation pathways contribute to a widening gap between marketed claims and actual clinical evidence. Testimonial-driven medicine and commercially motivated rebranding pose substantial risks to patient safety and undermine scientific progress in orthopaedics. Robust regulatory frameworks, adherence to peer-reviewed evidence and active collaboration across institutions and regions are essential to counterbalance market forces. Innovations-whether drugs, devices or surgical techniques-must undergo rigorous preclinical and clinical evaluation before broad implementation. The profession must remain vigilant against practices that bypass scientific scrutiny, ensuring that patient care is guided by validated evidence rather than marketing narratives.

Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is the most common injury in basketball, and identifying at-risk players is of high importance. To evaluate the ability of the Ankle-GO score to identify elite basketball players who will suffer LAS during a competitive season as well as other potential predictive factors. Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 2. A total of 48 elite basketball players (22 male, 26 female; mean ± SD age, 17.9 ± 3.7 years) performed the Ankle-GO score on both limbs during a preseason session. This score is a cluster of functional tests and self-reported questionnaires evaluating ankle function. LAS incidence was recorded throughout the competitive season for each ankle of the players. Potential predictive variables (Ankle-GO, body mass index, history of previous LAS, and sex) associated with LAS were compared between injured and uninjured athletes. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) and multivariable logistic regression models with odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were used to identify potential factors of LAS. A total of 17 occurrences of LAS occurred during the season. Ankle-GO score was lower among injured ankles (16.9 ± 3.6 points vs 19.6 ± 3.2; P = .004; d = 0.8) and was associated with probability to sustain an LAS (AUC, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.84; P = .008). Athletes with an Ankle-GO score <19 points and those who suffered an LAS during the previous years were more likely to experience a new LAS on the same ankle (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.6-19.2; P = .007, and OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1-10.9; P = .03, respectively). The Ankle-GO score can help to identify elite basketball players who will suffer LAS during a competitive season.

Non-surgical genioplasty is one of the best choices in cases of chin retrusion, and it represents a solution for the aesthetic amelioration of facial profile. Recent concerns arose about the risk of bone resorption and vascular occlusion. Different procedures and products may lead to different results. This study reports the experience of a single facial plastic surgeon (M.G.) using non-surgical techniques to fill the chin. This retrospective study assesses 225 patients injected from January 2019 through March 2024 in private clinics in Milan (Italy), London (UK), and Dubai (UAE). Forty-five patients were injected with hyaluronic acid (Genefill DX 1x1 ml, BioScience GmbH, Dümmer, Germany), 90 underwent a lipofilling procedure, and 90 underwent a Dermgraft procedure, that is, a personalized lipofilling, modified by the main author. Half of the last 180 patients underwent shock waves before fat harvesting. Patients were followed up for 12 months, and facial angles and satisfaction data were analyzed. Three experts scored the results over time. After all the treatments, facial angles were corrected, but the maintenance of the results varied for the different treatments. Notably, at 3 months, the levels of satisfaction were higher for the HA filler treatment, while at 1 year, the levels of satisfaction were very high for the Dermgraft. Liquid genioplasty is a safe technique to correct chin retrusion, with good results and high levels of patient satisfaction. The maintenance of the results varies according to the type of product injected. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

BackgroundCommunity violence intervention (CVI) is increasingly considered an important component of comprehensive public safety infrastructure, but research and evaluation of CVI programs remain underdeveloped. There is a critical need for evaluation measures that are developed collaboratively with those most proximate to these interventions and that capture interventions' nuanced and holistic impacts. This paper presents the process and results of a practitioner-academic partnership to co-develop youth-focused CVI evaluation measures in Washington state.ResultsThe process of co-developing evaluation measures involved two phases. For phase 1, we created a menu of quantitative measures (n = 60) for each outcome construct in a previously co-developed CVI theory of change by integrating existing measures, identified through a literature review, with insights and recommendations from CVI practitioners gathered during a workshop. For phase 2, we tailored and refined quantitative and qualitative measures with/for 7 CVI programs involved in the collaboration via individual meetings (n = 45 one-hour meetings over the course of 10 months, average = 6.4 meetings per program). The process of refining measures involved extensive discussion around several key considerations, including confidentiality, age appropriateness of questions, and language/jargon. After revisions, each CVI program had a customized list of quantitative and qualitative measures that fit their program and the population they served. We also created an online toolkit accompanying this paper so others may easily use, tailor, and build upon our work.ConclusionsOur process of co-developing youth-focused CVI evaluation measures drew from existing literature while heavily prioritizing the knowledge, expertise, and capacity of CVI practitioners. This helped facilitate power sharing and responsiveness to community needs, and we believe it resulted in more appropriate and contextually relevant measures. By detailing the iterative process that we took along with the resulting evaluation measures, our intent is to encourage practitioner-academic collaboration and underscore how such partnerships can enhance the field’s understanding of CVI implementation and impacts.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40621-025-00642-5.

Background: Conventional rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction often follows a rigid, phase-based model. This structure may overlook individual differences in healing, neuromuscular control, and psychological readiness, leading to low return-to-sport rates and a high risk of reinjury. Methods: This narrative review proposes a flexible rehabilitation framework based on overlapping progression blocks. Inspired by principles of strength and conditioning, motor learning, and cognitive training, this model emphasizes continuous, individualized development instead of fixed timelines. Results: The proposed model integrates essential components—such as joint mobility, muscle activation, motor control, and psychological factors—throughout the entire recovery process. Functional testing is redefined as a dynamic and ongoing diagnostic tool that helps clinicians identify areas needing further development, rather than acting as a simple pass/fail gateway. Progression is guided by demonstrated readiness rather than time or phase completion. Conclusions: Rehabilitation using adaptive, overlapping progression blocks offers a more holistic and responsive approach. It allows for better personalization, supports safer decision-making, and improves the transition back to sport through sustained development of physical and cognitive capacities.

Community violence intervention (CVI) is a promising strategy to reduce community violence, but research on CVI programs remains underdeveloped. While prior reviews have examined the effectiveness of certain CVI models, we lack a comprehensive synthesis of how CVI research is done and what measures are used. We conducted a scoping review of CVI evaluation measures and methods in the United States, reviewing both peer-reviewed and gray literature from 1996 through 2023. We summarized characteristics of CVI program evaluations, including evaluation measures used, units of analysis, and involvement of external partners—including community members—in the evaluation. Of 1763 articles screened, 149 were included. A plurality of studies examined both outcome and process measures (38.9%), and use of process measures increased over time. Most outcome evaluations used only deficit-based measures (76.4%), with variation across CVI model/approach. Authors of studies included in this review reported that CVI practitioners contributed to evaluations in various ways, but only 10.7% of evaluations included CVI practitioners as authors. Process measures were most often collected at the individual level (84.2%), while outcome measures were collected relatively equally at the individual (56.6%) and community level (53.8%) though with notable variation across CVI models/approaches. Community partners working in CVI were part of our authorship team and offered critical insights into interpreting the findings from this scoping review. Findings underscore the need for a more comprehensive approach to CVI evaluation. By including process and outcome measures, including community-level units of analysis in addition to the typical individual-level ones, employing asset-based frameworks, and actively involving community voices, future research can more effectively assess the implementation and impacts of CVI programs.

1/5 https://e-heartfailure.orgLittle is known about the specific modes of major cardiac adverse events (MACE) and death in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Although trial data suggest that death from sudden cardiac arrest and heart failure-related death account for the majority of cardiovascular mortality in HFpEF, the association between atherosclerosis, inflammation and MACE events in HFpEF has not been well characterized.Multiple markers of risk have been proposed, such as epicardial adipose tissue (EAT)-defined as all adipose tissue enclosed by the pericardium and quantified by epicardial fat volume (EFV)-and peri-coronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation, defined as the intensity of the epicardial fat surrounding the coronary artery, measured on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).These markers are surrogates of vascular inflammation and appear to contribute to the burden of coronary non-calcified plaques (NCPs), 1) which are considered high-risk coronary plaques and are associated with adverse cardiac events. 2,3)Moreover, EFV may contribute to the development of HFpEF. 4)As a first step in dissecting the association between EAT characteristics, NCP burden and MACE in HFpEF, we sought to characterize the association between EAT, PCAT attenuation and NCP burden in patients with HFpEF.We included participants with HFpEF and CCTA-documented nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (NCT02582021).NCP (defined as plaque with attenuation between -30 and +350 Hounsfield units [HU]), low-density non-calcified plaque (LDNCP, defined as plaque with attenuation <30 HU), EFV and PCAT attenuation were quantified using a fully automated deep learning algorithm included in research software (QFAT version 2.