Omar Al-Mukhtar University

Alazami syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by postnatal growth retardation, moderate to severe intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphology. It is caused by biallelic variants in the transcriptional regulator La ribonucleoprotein 7 (LARP7), where frameshift variants accounted for the majority of cases. The current study presents 7 new patients, including 3 males and 4 females from 3 unrelated families. Careful and thorough clinical examination identified novel oro-dental disease abnormalities, including a prominent premaxilla and enamel defects. The detected variants (c.1113_1116del, c.997 + 2T > C and c.518T > C) were not reported in the previous studies. The substitution c.518T > C represented the second missense variant to be identified in patients with Alazami syndrome. Male patients from the three families fulfilled ≥ 2 clinical warning signs of primary immunodeficiency. Lymphocyte subset counts and immunoglobulin levels were estimated in patients from two families. The values were within reference ranges, with only minor non-significant alterations in cytotoxic T-cell counts. A functional assay of B lymphocyte response was performed in one family, demonstrating impaired Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG antibody production following Pneumovax vaccination in the male patient, while his female sibling mounted an adequate response. In conclusion, the disease has a wide range of symptoms, which vary greatly among the affected patients. Our study expanded the clinical and molecular spectrum of the disorder and highlighted immunodeficiency as an underrecognized disease feature, potentially with a male sex predilection.

The SIR model with unspecified parameters is a significant concern for researchers in the fields of epidemiology and the medical treatment of sick individuals. In this paper, an effective strategy based on the variational homotopy perturbation method, the Yang transform, and the multi-step approach, known as the Multi-step Yang transform variational homotopy perturbation method (MSYTVHPM), is used to solve the fractional order SIR epidemic model. The fractional derivative is defined in the Caputo sense. Using the multi-step Yang transform variational homotopy perturbation approach, we may achieve an analytic solution to the SIR model in the form of a convergent power series. We apply the suggested method to the fractional SIR model and compare the outcomes with those obtained using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to demonstrate its effectiveness. The graphical results show that the multi-step Yang transform variational homotopy perturbation method can be considered as an alternative technique for solving many real-life problems involving differential equations of any order.

This study examines the effect of the independent board of commissioners and managerial ownership on enterprise risk management (ERM) disclosure. Furthermore, this study uses the board of commissioners as a moderating variable. The sample uses financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020-2023 period. This study uses a purposive sampling technique. The findings reveal that an independent board of commissioners and managerial ownership positively influence enterprise risk management (ERM) disclosure. The board of commissioners can strengthen the effect of managerial ownership on enterprise risk management disclosure. The novelty of this research lies in incorporating board size as a moderating variable in the context of ERM disclosure. Hence, this study offers new insights into the nexus between governance and risk management. This study also contributes to ERM literature by emphasizing the contingent role of board characteristics in shaping risk disclosure practices. Nevertheless, this study only focuses on financial companies. Therefore, future research should include broader industry coverage and adopt longer observation periods to enhance the generalizability and robustness of the results.

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2024), carbon dioxide is the leading greenhouse gas driving global warming. The building sector accounts for about 39% of global energy-related carbon emissions, with 11% from embodied carbon generated during material extraction, manufacturing, transport, and assembly. This study examines embodied carbon in the Harold L. Martin Sr. Engineering Research and Innovation Complex at North Carolina A&T State University, a four-story, 130,000 square-foot facility completed in 2021. Using architectural and structural documents, verified material quantities were analyzed to calculate cradle-to-gate embodied carbon (A1–A3 stages) for major components, including concrete, steel, glazing, and finishes. Results show structural materials, especially concrete and steel, dominate embodied emissions, followed by envelope systems. Sensitivity analyses indicate that substituting materials, such as recycled steel, low-carbon concrete, and bio-based finishes, can reduce total embodied carbon by 15–30% while maintaining performance.

Achieving a successful vaginal birth after caesarean delivery is wanted but risky. This study aimed to estimate the rate of successful vaginal delivery after caesarean section in Al-Bayda Medical Center and associated factors. A case series study included a review of records of women with previous caesarean deliveries who underwent a trial of vaginal birth in Al-Bayda medical center during the years 2023/ 2024. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 23.0. A success rate of 13.7% with statistically significant favorability of older age, higher parity, and gravidity. No statistically significant differences were found regarding baby size. Labor should be tried in mothers with a previous caesarean regardless of previous history, with careful individual evaluation of the case. Further well-designed research is recommended.

This study investigates the distribution and allele frequencies of the ABO and Rh blood systems in the Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region of Libya. A total of 3,363 individuals from ten towns in the region were included. ABO blood types and Rh factor were recorded from families, and ABO genotypes were inferred by pedigree analysis. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests were used to compare the proportions of observed ABO phenotypes and Rh antigens across towns. Overall, blood type A had the highest frequency at 33.37%, followed by O at 29.63%, B at 27.92%, and AB at 9.09%. Regarding Rh status, 88.91% of individuals were Rh-positive, and 11.09% were Rh-negative. Allele frequencies for the ABO system in the overall population were estimated as p = 0.280, q = 0.242, and r = 0.478. The allele frequencies of the Rh system were p = 0.766 and q = 0.234. Significant differences across towns were observed for blood types A, AB, and O (p-value = 0.025, 0.000, and 0.001, respectively). However, no significant differences were found for blood types B, Rh-positive, and Rh-negative (p-value = 0.301, 0.990, and 0.093, respectively) across towns. These findings provide useful data for population genetics and transfusion medicine in the region. Further work is needed to examine genetic diversity and population structure in other blood group systems.

This study investigated the morphological characteristics of the body and otoliths of three Sphyraenidae species (Sphyraena flavicauda, S. sphyraena, and S. viridensis) collected from the Benghazi coast, eastern Libya, during winter 2023. Morphometric measurements were recorded from the left side of each specimen, including total length, standard length, head length, eye diameter, snout length, eye height, maximum body height and width, caudal peduncle dimensions, head width, and total weight. Eight morphometric ratios were calculated to evaluate proportional differences among species. The length–weight relationship indicated isometric growth, with b values ranging from 2.39 to 2.68 and condition factors from 0.375 ± 0.00 to 0.531 ± 0.013. Otolith length, height, area, and sulcus features were measured, and indices such as rectangularity, circularity, SAL/OL, OSL/SAL, CUL/SAL, OH/OL%, S index, and relative otolith size were calculated. Significant differences in body and otolith morphometrics were detected among the species, providing reliable markers for identification and supporting Sphyraenidae management in Libyan waters.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the primary biomarker for long-term glycemic control in diabetes mellitus. However, its validity may be compromised by hematological conditions like iron deficiency anemia (IDA), prevalent in developing regions. This study investigated the association between iron status and HbA1c levels in Libyan patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study was conducted at a diabetic center in Al-Bayda, Libya, in August 2023. The study included 52 adult males: 26 T2DM patients and 26 healthy controls matched for age and BMI. Biochemical parameters (HbA1c, serum iron, fasting plasma glucose), anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist circumference), and blood pressure were assessed. Statistical analysis employed t-tests, Pearson correlation, and Chi-square tests using SPSS version 26. The T2DM group had significantly lower mean serum iron (87.2 ± 12.3 µg/dL) than controls (93.5 ± 10.8 µg/dL, p=0.047). A significant negative correlation existed between HbA1c and serum iron (r = -0.331, p = 0.019). Chi-square analysis confirmed a significant association between iron status and glycemic category (χ² = 8.321, p = 0.016). No significant correlations were found between HbA1c and BMI or between iron and BMI. Iron deficiency was significantly associated with elevated HbA1c levels in Libyan T2DM patients, potentially leading to misinterpretation of glycemic control. We recommend incorporating iron status assessment in the routine management of diabetic patients, particularly those with unexplained HbA1c elevations.

Some of the different analytical methods were used to estimate some of the chemical constituents in leaves and fruits of the Quercus coccifera plant, where the GC-MS was used for the determination of Fatty acids and phenolic acids. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for measuring the contents of metals such as Zn, Cr, and Cu. Also, the Flame photometer was used for the determination of minerals Na, K, and Ca. On the side the spectrophotometer was applied to measure the contents of phosphorus and Nitrogen The results of this study recorded that, some of phenolic acids were found in the samples including :The concentration of phenolic acids in leafs and fruits of the studied plant as following: Chlorogeneic acid (0.0115 mg/g), 3,4-Dicaffeoly guinic acid (0.129 mg/g), 3,5- Dicaffeoylquinic acid (0.309 mg/g), 4,5- Dicaffeoylquinic acid (0.0161 mg/g), 2,5-dihydroxy Benzoic acid (0.00000589 mg/g), and Galic acid (0.166mg/g). Quercus coccifera fruits: Chlorogenic acid (0.0197 mg/g), 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (0.102 mg/g), 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (0.132 mg/g), 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (0.205 mg/g), and cinnamic acid (0.00000698mg/g). Small amounts of Fatty acids were recoded and included Saturated fatty (0.081 and 0.087mg/g) and unsaturated fatty acids containing Monounsaturated fatty acids (0.047and 0.048 mg/g) in leaves and stems, respectively, and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.033 and 0.049mg/g) respectively. On the other side, the contents of Sodium, potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in leaves were as follows: 0.3, 11.5, 1.50, 1.82, 0.69, and 2.27 ppm, whereas the contents of the same elements in fruits were as follows: 0.08, 13.5, 0.50, 1.597, 0.52, and 2.142 ppm, respectively. This study recorded small amounts of Zinc, Copper, and Chromium, and ranged between (0.147 -0.154), (0.947 -1.132) and (0.0861 -0.0898 ppm), respectively.