Omsk State Agrarian University

In the strategically vital oil and gas industry of Russia, special attention is given to the development of natural gas and gas condensate fields. Modern technological solutions allow for the continuous improvement of production complexes for the extraction and processing of hydrocarbons, which is particularly relevant in the conditions of the northern regions where the main production facilities are concentrated. Therefore, a detailed study of geological conditions, analysis of the hydrological features of the territories, and assessment of the risks of construction and operation in challenging climatic conditions are required. Engineering surveys, which are the starting point for any construction project, ensure the safety of future facilities, minimize environmental risks, and optimize design solutions. Geodetic monitoring plays a key role in controlling deformation processes, monitoring the settlement of structures, and preventing emergency situations, especially at such critical facilities as cluster sites of gas wells, integrated gas treatment plants, and transport infrastructure.

The aim of the study is to examine cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats based on clinical and morphological data and analysis of current literature. Objectives: to systematize information on risk factors and molecular drivers of FOSCC; to substantiate algorithms for staging and locoregional monitoring of FOSCC; to characterize cytomorphological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma and regional lymph nodes in cats. A series of five clinical cases of FOSCC were analyzed in combination with a narrative review of the literature to characterize clinical, macro- and microscopic and cytological features, staging algorithms and treatment options with outcome assessment. All patients underwent clinical examination, imaging, bilateral fine-needle aspiration of mandibular lymph nodes and histological verification of the diagnosis using H&E stains (with decalcification when necessary). Main outcomes: overall survival (OS), mitotic index (MI), regional node status and the presence of bone invasion. Descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney test, Cliff's δ, and the Kaplan–Meier estimate were used. Ulcerative-infiltrative gingival lesions predominated. Significant bone invasion was detected in 80 % of cases (T4 according to the veterinary modification of TNM staging), while no bone invasion was detected in 20 % of cases (T3 according to the overall assessment). Keratinization in tumor complexes was absent or minimal (nonkeratinizing spectrum), which is consistent with the aggressive local course of this nosology in cats. Intercellular bridges and focal signs of desmoplasia were observed in all preparations. Mitotic activity ranged from 2 to 5 mitoses per 10 fields of view at standard magnification, with a median of 3/10 fields of view (Q1-Q3: 2–4), which corresponds to a low-moderate level of proliferation for squamous cell carcinomas in this location. The findings highlight the osteoinvasive nature of FOSCC, the clinically significant incidence of regional node involvement, and the need for standardized staging (bilateral node aspiration and chest imaging) with a multidisciplinary focus on local control and quality of life.

This article examines the main areas and results of an analysis of the land and property complex of a peasant (farm) enterprise. The agricultural land and property complex, in terms of real estate, is represented by land resources and industrial buildings and structures. Land resources serve as the primary means of production, while production buildings enable the production process. The land and property complex is the primary factor ensuring the efficiency of production activities. Assessing its condition and identifying its strengths and weaknesses allows us to develop proposals for the development of the land and property complex, ensuring increased production efficiency and economic development. Using the example of the peasant (farm) enterprise "IP head of the peasant (farm) enterprise Romazanova E.N." of the Sargatsky municipal district of the Omsk region, an analysis of the state of the land and property complex was carried out in the following areas: the structure of land resources, the ecological state of the land, economic status of land use and analysis of the condition and use of buildings and structures. The farm specializes in livestock farming; its land resources are represented by forage lands, which were analyzed based on the cadastral organization of the territory, the legal basis for land use, the structure of the soil cover, and the development of negative processes. The technical condition and use of production buildings were assessed. Key economic indicators of the farm's performance were calculated in physical and monetary terms, and their dynamics were determined per 100 hectares of agricultural land. The analysis revealed that the land and property complex allows for the expansion of production potential and ensures the possibility of economic development in the long term. Financing of economic development activities is proposed from the funds of the economy and state support funds within the framework of the state program.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising biomaterial for medical and biotechnological applications. However, microbial contaminants and their metabolic residues remain a critical limitation for its clinical use. Many of the BC purity tests are labor-intensive and time-consuming. This study investigates the feasibility of using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy for monitoring microbial contamination in BC. BC samples were obtained from a Medusomyces gisevii consortium and subjected to various purification protocols (alkaline, detergent and oxidative treatments). LIF spectra were recorded across 220-290nm excitation wavelengths and analyzed chemometrically. For better interpretation of the results, the same samples were examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSM). The results reveal that both native and treated BC samples exhibit fluorescence features associated with tryptophan and tyrosine, indicative of microbial residues. Treatment with NaOH effectively reduced tryptophan-associated signals, while hydrogen peroxide diminished tyrosine-related fluorescence. None of the purification strategies completely eliminated these signals. A good correlation between the LIF and the more labor-consuming LSM data was observed. LIF showed the capability of rapid and reliable differentiation between treatment variants and provided spectral fingerprints linked to residual contamination. Future work may focus on standardizing LIF-based diagnostic protocols and integrating them into biotechnological workflows for contamination monitoring.

The relevance of research on the development of feed grinding is determined by the importance of technological process of feed preparation for feeding, which significantly affects the productivity and health of livestock, as well as the overall economic performance of livestock farming. The efficiency of feed grinders is determined by two factors: energy consumption for grinding and compliance of the ground feed with zootechnical requirements. This study examines development of a feed grinder based on energy-saving principles, not only through optimization of design and operating parameters of grinding unit, but also through the creation of a start-stop system for grinder, which minimizes idle operation during cyclical and uneven feed of the ground feed into the loading hopper. This reduces the inefficient use of energy resources when grinding feed in accordance with zootechnical requirements. The goal of this study is to reduce the energy consumption of root crop grinding by developing a feed grinder, substantiating its design and operating parameters, and developing a start-stop system. The design of grinder proposes the use of flat knives in the upper tier and comb knives in the lower tier, as well as comb counter-cuts with an 80 mm spacing between the combs and mesh frames with 25 mm mesh size. The specific energy consumption of developed feed grinder for chopping carrots is 0.23 kWh/t, the throughput is 2.8 t/h and the yield of 10 to 15 mm fraction is 43.5%. The results of production tests conducted at the livestock complex of Agro-N LLC in Novospasskiy district of Ulyanovsk region confirmed the laboratory results and recommended the developed feed grinder for agricultural enterprises raising cattle.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the functional state of the aerobic and anaerobic bactericidal systems of neutrophils in guinea pigs treated with experimental conjugates of BCG antigens with betulinic and betulonic acids after infection with Mycobacterium smegmatis. The experiment was conducted on 20 guinea pigs, divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Individuals of groups 1–3 were infected with M. smegmatis subcutaneously at a dose of 5 mg/ml. Then, 14 days later, animals of group 2 were administered a conjugate of BCG antigens with betulinic acid subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 ml, and animals of group 3 were administered a conjugate of BCG antigens with betulonic acid subcutaneously at the same dose. The control group consisted of intact guinea pigs. On the 14th, 28th and 42nd days from the start of the experiment, blood samples were taken to perform an indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIFR) and assess the functional state of neutrophils. The studies revealed that infection of animals with M. smegmatis enhances the activity of intracellular bactericidal components of neutrophils, as evidenced by a significant increase in the average cytochemical coefficient (ACC) of cationic proteins from days 14 to 28 by 30–53 % and the ACC of myeloperoxidase by 16–62.5 % throughout the entire experiment. Both experimental conjugates exerted an additional stimulating effect on the function of intracellular antibacterial components of phagocytes, promoting the rapid elimination of mycobacteria 14 days after drug administration, as confirmed by the results of the IIFR. The BCG antigen conjugate with betulonic acid, compared to the betulinic acid-only preparation, exhibited a more pronounced effect on myeloperoxidase enzymatic activity both 14 and 28 days after administration. Thus, the positive results suggest the potential use of these experimental preparations in veterinary medicine for the prevention and treatment of mycobacterioses caused by rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

In a stationary experiment, an assessment of the state of fertility of gray forest soil was performed, depending on a type of crop rotations and application of mineral fertilizers. The study focuses on gray forest soil. The factorial experiment is of a 2 × 2 factorial design. Factor A consists in a four-field cereal–fallow rotations nos. 1 and 2 that different in the share (degree of incorporation) of cereal crops and the type of fallow. Factor B is mineral fertilizers: (1) without fertilizers (F0) and (2) N30P45K45 (F1). The observation period lasted for 20 years (2003–2022). It was found that substitution of seeded fallow for naked fallow and introduction of legume crops (peas) stabilized humus content in the soil due to a greater input of mortmass, with its high nitrogen enrichment (C : N = 9.9). The systematic use of phosphorus-containing fertilizers in crop rotations at a dose of P45 ensured a positive balance of this nutrient in the soil. It was found that in the conditions of the subtaiga zone, due to the scientifically based selection of crops in the crop rotation system, their productivity increased by 0.21 t/ha; with the use of fertilizers (N30P45K45), by 0.30 t/ha grain units.

Monitoring the technical condition of agricultural machinery, as a key element of maintenance and repair system, requires, in practice, identifying the structural components that should be prioritized for diagnostics. The purpose of this study is to develop and test a methodology for ranking the objects of condition monitoring of agricultural machinery based on a comprehensive indicator that takes into account a range of factors. This methodology utilizes a comprehensive approach, taking into account a range of factors, including the structural complexity of machines and technical, organizational and economic consequences of failures. An experiment was conducted to collect data on combine harvester failures during the 2024 spring wheat harvest in the fields of Omsk region. The observation included 31 combine harvesters of the following brands: NEW HOLLAND CX6090, KZS 1218 Polese, RSM-101 Vector 410, RSM-142 ACROS-550, RSM-142 ACROS-585, RSM-152 ACROS-595 PLUS. It was established that the greatest number of failures occurs in the header and pick-up (15.1%), the feeder chamber (13.4%) and the threshing mechanism (11.6%). At the same time, operational failures make up 54%, production failures – about 37% and design failures – 9%. According to the nature of manifestation, 76% are sudden, 5% are gradual and 19% are intermittent. According to the interrelationship, 71% of failures were classified as independent and 29% as dependent. It was found that the engine, chassis and electrical equipment account for approximately 60% of failures, but only 7 components, for which the average Pi value is 0.56, are subject to special monitoring. The reaping and threshing system accounts for 25% of failures, but the consequences are much more serious, and at least 10 components, with an average Pi value of 1.41, are subject to monitoring. The developed methodology can be applied as intelligent and digital technologies are increasingly used in maintenance and repair systems.

Durum wheat is the most important grain crop to produce pasta in the West Siberian region. There is a great necessity in wheat varieties with high adaptability to environmental stress factors, good suitability to cultivationtechnologies, high grain quality in order to expand the areas under this crop in the Omsk region. The purpose of the current study was to estimate productivity and technological traits of grain quality of spring durum wheat varieties of the nursery KASIB-22, and to select promising genotypes with a set of economically valuable characteristics for breeding programs. The study was conducted on the experimental field of the FSBSI “Omsk ARC” in 2022–2024 to study 20 durum wheat varieties and lines of the nursery KASIB-22 from five breeding institutions in Russia and Kazakhstan. There have been analyzed productivity and main technological characteristics of grain quality, such as protein, gluten, nature weight, hardiness, gluten index, sedimentation index and pasta color, using generally accepted methods. There have been identified genotypes exceeding productivity of the standard variety ‘Zhemchuzhina Siubiri’ (28.3–30.8 hwt/ha), they are ‘Line 242/243-2020’ (Aktyubinsk AES), ‘Gordeiforme 2246’ (Karabalyk AES), ‘ATP Prima’ (FASCA), ‘G.11--77-3’ (Omsk ARC), ‘Line 2217d-4’, ‘Line 1927d-27’, ‘Line 2285d-3’ (Samara RIA). The share of the nursery’s varieties with high protein and gluten percentage (≥ 17.0 and ≥34 %) was 75 %, while the share of varieties with high sedimentation rates (≥ 40 ml) and gluten index (≥ 75 units) was quite low with 30 % and 25 %, respectively. There has been formed a pool of the best genotypes with a high productivity level (27.9–30.8 hwt/ha) and improved grain quality characteristics (protein ≥ 15.9 %, gluten ≥ 32.7 %, 749–795 g/l of grain nature, 46.8–87.1 units of gluten index, 38.4–46.0 ml of sedimentation), recommended for breeding programs as initial material, namely ‘Line 242/243-2020’ (Aktyubinsk AES), ‘Gordeiforme 2246’ (Karabalyk AES), ‘ATP Prima’ (FASCA), ‘Line 2217d-4’, ‘Line 1927d-27’, ‘Line 2285d-3’, ‘Line 1693d-71’ (Samara RIA).