OncoArendi Therapeutics (Poland)

Przedmiotem badań i analiz podjętych na potrzeby niniejszego opracowania są przepisy regulujące system kaucyjny, które zostały uchwalone ustawą z dnia 13 lipca 2023 r. o zmianie ustawy o gospodarce opakowaniami i odpadami opakowaniowymi oraz niektórych innych ustaw. Wzmiankowane przepisy weszły w życie 23 października 2023 r. i nie zostały jeszcze zbadane przez doktrynę, dlatego treść przepisów stanowi główne źródło analizy, uwag i wniosków. W niniejszym opracowaniu w pierwszej kolejności zostały przedstawione teoretyczne podstawy doboru kryterium, według którego będzie prowadzona analiza. W następnej kolejności zostały przedstawione kluczowe dla omawianego zagadnienia definicje. W zasadniczej części opracowania skupiono się na charakterystyce uczestników systemu kaucyjnego i zakresie uczestniczenia w nim. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na niejasności i braki analizowanych przepisów, z którymi mogą się mierzyć adresaci norm prawnych. Celem opracowania jest kompleksowe usystematyzowanie tytułowej problematyki. Podstawowa metoda badawcza zastosowana w artykule jest oparta na całościowej i wielopłaszczyznowej analizie materiału normatywnego oraz poglądów nauki prawa i orzecznictwa. Wyniki prowadzonych badań dają możliwość sformułowania odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy przepisy regulujące system kaucyjny posiadają zdolność implementacyjną w zakresie skutecznego wdrożenia do polskiego porządku prawnego przepisów dyrektywy SUP.

CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) have been recently recognized in both neonates and cancer patients as potent immunoregulatory cells. Here, we show that in mice early-stage CECs expand in anemia, have high levels of arginase 2 (ARG2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the spleens of anemic mice, CECs expansion-induced L-arginine depletion suppresses T-cell responses. In humans with anemia, CECs expand and express ARG1 and ARG2 that suppress T-cells IFN-γ production. Moreover, bone marrow CECs from healthy human donors suppress T-cells proliferation. CECs differentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells potently suppress T-cell activation, proliferation, and IFN-γ production in an ARG- and ROS-dependent manner. These effects are the most prominent for early-stage CECs (CD71highCD235adim cells). The suppressive properties disappear during erythroid differentiation as more differentiated CECs and mature erythrocytes lack significant immunoregulatory properties. Our studies provide a novel insight into the role of CECs in the immune response regulation.

Arginase is involved in a wide range of pathologies including cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases whilst it is also a promising target to improve cancer immunotherapy. To date, only a limited number of inhibitors of arginase have been reported. Natural polyphenols, among them piceatannol, are moderate inhibitors of arginase. Herein, we report our efforts to investigate catechol binding by quantum chemistry and generate analogues of piceatannol. In this work, we synthesized a novel series of amino-polyphenols which were then evaluated as arginase inhibitors. Their structure-activity relationships were elucidated by deep quantum chemistry modelling. 4-((3,4-Dihydroxybenzyl)amino)benzene-1,2-diol 3t displays a mixed inhibition activity on bovine and human arginase I with IC50 (K i) values of 76 (82) μM and 89 μM, respectively.

This paper reports on results of experiments on BK7 glass materials with a novel tool for fine grinding of faces for optical purposes. The ball-shaped toolcomprises of a plastic wheel, several elastic layers and a polyurethane compound with diamond abrasives, which was developed and provided by OptoTech. Removal test runs led to samples with very smooth surfaces without sub surface damages. The tool’s elastic properties enable dwell time assisted grinding.

We present our first results on field X-ray sources detected in a deep, 184.7 ks observation with the ACIS-I camera on Chandra. The observations target the Lynx field of SPICES, and contains three known X-ray-emitting clusters out to z=1.27. Not including the known clusters, in the 17'x17' ACIS-I field we detect 132 sources in the 0.5-2 keV (soft) X-ray band down to a limiting flux of \~1.7e-16 erg/cm2/s and 111 sources in the 2-10 keV (hard) X-ray band down to a limiting flux of ~1.3e-15 erg/cm2/s. The combined catalog contains a total of 153 sources, of which 42 are detected only in the soft band and 21 are detected only in the hard band. Confirming previous Chandra results, we find that the fainter sources have harder X-ray spectra, providing a consistent solution to the long-standing `spectral paradox'. From deep optical and near-infrared follow-up data, 77% of the X-ray sources have optical counterparts to I=24 and 71% of the X-ray sources have near-infrared counterparts to K=20. Four of the 24 sources in the near-IR field are associated with extremely red objects (EROs; I-K>4). We have obtained spectroscopic redshifts with the Keck telescopes of 18 of the Lynx Chandra sources. These sources comprise a mix of broad-lined active galaxies, apparently normal galaxies, and two late-type Galactic dwarfs. Intriguingly, one Galactic source is identified with an M7 dwarf exhibiting non-transient, hard X-ray emission. We review non-AGN mechanisms to produce X-ray emission and discuss properties of the Lynx Chandra sample in relation to other samples of X-ray and non-X-ray sources.

The Chandra X-ray Satellite already observed several deep fields, including the two 1 Megasec exposures of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) and North. We review here the main findings from the CDFS. The LogN-LogS relations show the resolution of the X-ray background into point sources at the level of 83-99% in the 1-2 keV band and 65-98% in the 2-10 keV band, given the uncertainties in the unresolved value. The so called ``spectral paradox'' is solved by a hard, faint population of sources constituted mostly by nearby (z<1) absorbed (Type II) AGNs with hard-band luminosities L~10^{42}-10^{44} erg/s. When comparing these results to other deep fields in the X-ray band, we find that the AGNs detected in 0.1 deg^2 of the CDFS are representative of the AGNs population as a whole. However, we also noticed an excess in the hard counts in two Chandra deep fields. If we include this excess and average it among the observed fields, the total contribution of the XRB can grow of about 7%. Finally, we discuss briefly the properties of the Intra Cluster Medium imaged at high z, showing no evolution in clusters properties up to z~1.

X-ray observations indicate that non-gravitational processes play a key role in the thermodynamics of the Intra Cluster Medium (ICM). The effect of non-gravitational processes is imprinted in the ICM as an entropy minimum, whose effects are visible in the Luminosity-Temperature relation and in the Entropy-Temperature relation. However, the X-ray emission alone cannot discriminate between different mechanisms and sources of heating. There are no answers at present to the following questions: how much non-gravitational energy per baryons is present in the ICM? When was this energy injected? Which are the sources of heating? The embarrassment in front of these questions is amplified by the fact that the most viable sources of heating, SNae and stellar winds, seem to be inefficient in bringing the ICM to the observed entropy level. We may call it the energy crisis. Here we review the main aspects of this crisis, listing possible solutions, including other sources, like AGNs and Radio Galaxies, or other mechanisms, like large scale shocks and selective cooling.