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Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. [email protected]. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. The English in this document has been checked by at least 2 professional editors, both native speakers of English. For a certificate, please see http://www.textcheck.com/certificate/ISb3Cp.

Academic publishing currently raises several issues, such as the production of multiple artifacts from a single source. The expression "single source publishing" refers to generating several formats from a single source. A single document can be used to produce various formats, without having to switch from one process to another, whether it is a PDF format for printing, an XML export for a digital platform, or a digital version in HTML format. This editorial challenge brings up both theoretical and technical questions, such as the legitimization of content, the evolution of publishing practices, and the creation of adequate tools. At the intersection of media studies, publishing studies, and literature, the concepts of hybridity (McLuhan, 1968), hybridization (Ludovico, 2012), or editorialization (Vitali-Rosati, 2016) allow us to question the principles of this editorial design.Actuellement, les publications académiques soulèvent plusieurs questions, telles que la production d'artefacts multiples à partir d'une source unique. L'expression "publication à source unique" fait référence à la production de plusieurs formats à partir d'une seule source. Un même document peut être utilisé pour produire différents formats, sans devoir passer d'un processus à l'autre, qu'il s'agisse d'un format PDF pour l'impression, d'un export XML pour une plateforme numérique, ou d'une version numérique au format HTML. Ce défi éditorial soulève des questions à la fois théoriques et techniques, telles que la légitimation des contenus, l'évolution des pratiques éditoriales et la création d'outils adéquats. Au croisement des études médiatiques, des études éditoriales et de la littérature, les concepts d'hybridité (McLuhan, 1968), d'hybridation (Ludovico, 2012) ou d'éditorialisation (Vitali-Rosati, 2016) permettent d'interroger les principes de cette conception éditoriale.

Document-level relation extraction is a complex human process that requires logical inference to extract relationships between named entities in text. Existing approaches use graph-based neural models with words as nodes and edges as relations between them, to encode relations across sentences. These models are node-based, i.e., they form pair representations based solely on the two target node representations. However, entity relations can be better expressed through unique edge representations formed as paths between nodes. We thus propose an edge-oriented graph neural model for document-level relation extraction. The model utilises different types of nodes and edges to create a document-level graph. An inference mechanism on the graph edges enables to learn intra- and inter-sentence relations using multi-instance learning internally. Experiments on two document-level biomedical datasets for chemical-disease and gene-disease associations show the usefulness of the proposed edge-oriented approach.

Of the official languages of South Africa, Afrikaans has the widest geographical, demographic and racial distribution (Webb 2003). According to the latest South African census of 2011 (StatsSA 2012), Afrikaans as first language is spoken by 13.5% of the country's inhabitants, only surpassed in numbers by Zulu (22.7%) and Xhosa (16%). In neighbouring Namibia, 10.4% of the population has Afrikaans as their first language. A noteworthy number of recent emigrants to United Kingdom, Australia, Europe and North America are likely to be Afrikaans speakers as well.1 A handful of elderly persons in Patagonia still speak Afrikaans; they are descendants of some 600 Afrikaans speakers who settled in Patagonia at the beginning of the 20th century (Du Toit 1995, Coetzee et al. 2018).

Dvorjanskoe gnezdo ist zwischen 1856 und 1858, in den stürmischen, hoffnungsvollen Reformjahren zu Beginn der Regierungszeit Alexanders II., konzipiert und niedergeschrieben worden. Kernstück der Reformen sollte die Aufhebung der Leibeigenschaft sein. Das bedeutete, daß es nach 1855 um die Zukunft des russischen Adels ging und seine Rolle in der Gesellschaft neu definiert werden mußte. Turgenev als Angehöriger der Adelsklasse war davon unmittelbar betroffen.