Orange County Department of Education

ABSTRACT Background Youth mental health needs have worsened following COVID-19. Rising demand for school mental health services is straining capacity. Several states have added policies requiring mental health education, yet these vary widely and barriers to operationalization exist. Purpose This paper explores the onerous landscape of mental health education and makes the case for the education framework of mental health literacy (MHL), derived from health literacy (HL), as the North Star of universal mental health education. Methods A scan of mental health education policies was conducted, and two state case studies were included. California requires middle- and high-school integration with existing health education, and Delaware requires K-12 mental health education allowing for integration with existing social, emotional, and behavioral wellbeing initiatives within schools’ multi-tiered system of supports. Results Thirty-six state policies were identified, with over 80% explicitly related to health education. Policies varied across multiple dimensions including scope and clarity, target audience, requirement conditions, and resources. Discussion Barriers and opportunities are discussed, including a national effort, The Mental Health Literacy Collaborative (MHLC), focused on the benefits of MHL education. Translation to Health Education Practice Findings offer health educator opportunities for planning, leadership, and advocacy toward implementing MHL education in schools. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars

The convergence of IT and OT has presented OT environments with several challenges, such as increasing the attack surface of its real time systems to include more commonplace enterprise vulnerabilities. As OT is used across heavily regulated sectors, including water and nuclear, many standards and guidelines are available to these sectors, providing them with assistance towards continued improvements from a cyber security perspective. However, these standards and guidelines are not always as mature as their IT counterparts. This paper proposes a model to benchmark the maturity of OT focused standards and guidelines, which we then use to analyse seven commonly adopted resources. Based on this analysis, we find that these OT standards and guidelines do not always provide in-depth implementation guidance, and often refer instead to IT standards and guidelines for more information. Improvements are urgently needed in security and risk mitigation for interconnected OT and IT systems, as security controls in OT are typically reappropriated IT controls. To help achieve this goal, OT standards must mature further.

El comercio internacional se desplomó en 2020, pero se recuperó con fuerza en 2021. Si bien los flujos comerciales totales se encuentran ahora holgadamente por encima de los niveles anteriores a la pandemia, los impactos comerciales sobre todos los bienes, servicios y socios comerciales específicos son muy diversos, lo cual presiona a determinados sectores y cadenas de suministro. Los cambios en la estructura del comercio provocados por la pandemia de COVID-19 en un solo año fueron de una magnitud similar a los que suelen ocurrir durante un periodo de cuatro a cinco años. A finales de 2021 prevalecían desequilibrios considerables entre socios comerciales y productos, y no se recuperaron todas las pérdidas acumuladas de las fuertes bajas anteriores. La heterogeneidad de las repercusiones comerciales y de los cambios en los flujos respectivos entre productos, fuentes y destinos despierta gran incertidumbre y costos de ajuste e implica brindar incentivos adicionales para que los consumidores, las empresas y los gobiernos adopten nuevas estrategias de mitigación de riesgos o intensifiquen las actuales.

A candidatura brasileira com o intuito de se tornar membro da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) gera uma série de perguntas sobre as implicações desse processo para a economia brasileira e a estratégia do país para a integração econômica. Aqueles que apoiam a adesão argumentam que isso ajudará na adoção das melhores práticas em termos de governança e políticas regulatórias. A expectativa é que ela promova a liberalização do comércio, atraia investimentos estrangeiros diretos e tenha um impacto positivo sobre a produtividade. Este artigo alega que, embora a adesão possa ter impactos líquidos positivos para o Brasil, não se deve subestimar as dificuldades inerentes a esse processo, nem superestimar o potencial de transformação estrutural associado à adesão à OCDE.

The COVID-19 crisis may bring lasting socioeconomic changes, also affecting science, technology and innovation (STI). This paper discusses the effects that the COVID-19 crisis could have on the future of STI and its policies, building on lessons learned from past crises, an analysis of diverse sources of early data and insights from expert discussions in international policy fora. Factors shaping the future of STI include the unequal effects of the crisis on R&D spending across sectors, the accelerated adoption of digital tools and techniques, and changes in the openness and inclusiveness of research and innovation ecosystems. The paper also explores how STI policy could experience fundamental changes as resilience, environmental sustainability and inclusiveness become more prominent objectives on policy agendas. This includes experimentation with new data and digital tools for policy purposes and unconventional policy approaches, which could spur the adoption of new and more effective STI policies.

Indica and Japonica are the two major types of rice traded on the global market. Product characteristics, production zones, consumer preferences, and government policies influence Indica and Japonica rice market structures. Using the Rice Economy Climate Change (RECC) model, which covers these rice markets in 24 countries and the global rice market, the international Japonica rice price is found to be more volatile than that for Indica rice under possible climate change scenarios. The simulation results also suggest that agricultural investments in major countries producing Indica and Japonica rice will contribute to their price stability over the medium and long term under climate change.

This paper aims to survey the current landscape of education policy evaluation across OECD countries and economies by examining recent trends and contextual factors that can promote more robust education policy evaluation, as well as identifying key challenges. It takes a view of policy evaluation as an activity that takes place throughout the entire policy cycle, before, during, and after a reform is implemented. It proposes a supporting framework for education policy evaluation that integrates institutional factors which can help to build robust underpinnings for policy evaluation. It also presents some specific considerations to take into account for individual policy evaluation processes. Analysis of more than 80 evaluations across OECD education systems provides an indication of the diversity of approaches taken in the policy evaluation process. Key findings refer to the “who”, “when”, “what”, “how”, “for what” and “what next” of policy evaluation processes through a comparative lens.

Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS), as a fully integrated set of practices and interventions directed to academics and behavior, with emerging applications to social and emotional learning in the teaching/learning process, is very much in its ascendency in schools across the United States and elsewhere. As a result, there is an emerging need to prepare teacher and administrator educators to enter the rapidly expanding number of implementing schools and districts. Requisite dispositions, skills, and knowledge germane to ensuring successful applications, sustainability, and resultant student outcomes from MTSS introduction into systems praxis are increasingly required. In this position paper, we discuss the origins of MTSS, its expansion into various areas of education in the United States, and its emerging contribution to the thorny issue of inclusion. We conclude with examination of Innovation Configuration, a heuristic to assist teacher and administrator educators in the development of course syllabi and other professional learning vehicles addressed to MTSS.

During past years, Korea figured among the OECD countries with the highest share of population exposed to excessive PM2.5 (atmospheric particulate matter that have a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres) concentrations and PM2.5 concentration level in Seoul is about two times higher than the WHO’s guidelines or the levels of other major cities in developed countries. A number of countermeasures have been recently introduced to address such challenges, including a tightening of air quality standards and increasing local inspection and enforcement capacity. This paper reviews these recent reforms, and discusses possible further improvements. This paper complements two case studies on air quality policies in China and Japan, and a third case study on international regulatory co-operation on air quality in North America, Europe and North-East Asia.

What can we learn from new policies implemented in different OECD countries to foster digital and AI-driven innovation? This document reviews and extracts lessons from 12 national policy initiatives (four AI strategies and eight policy programmes) aimed at supporting breakthrough digital and AI-driven innovation and the application of those innovations by industry. Most selected policy initiatives actively involve multiple stakeholders from public research, industry and government, have mixed public-private funding models and seek international co-operation on AI. AI and digital research and innovation centres encourage interdisciplinarity, reduce hierarchies within centres and increase the autonomy of staff to enhance centres’ agility and spur creativity. AI strategies set specific actions to strengthen AI research and capabilities, support business adoption of AI and develop standards for the ethical use of AI. Responsible data-access and sharing regulations, infrastructure investments, and measures to ensure that AI contributes to sustainable and inclusive growth are other priorities.