Orbital Research (United States)

Unrefined eyelid margin is a known complication following the second-stage modified Hughes eyelid reconstruction. Lateral canthal malposition, phimosis, or eyelid laxity can occur when the tarsoconjunctival flap extends to cover the defects in the inferior crus of the lateral canthus. This study presents a novel surgical technique that prevents lower eyelid margin distortions, lower eyelid laxity, and lateral canthal complications after the second-stage modified Hughes reconstruction. A retrospective review of patients who underwent second-stage modified Hughes reconstructions with a lateralized tarsoconjunctival rotational flap from July 2021 to August 2024 was performed. The study outcomes included postreconstruction complications, such as eyelid malposition, eyelid margin changes, lateral canthus distortions, flap dehiscence, and eyelid-related complaints. Postoperative photographs were reviewed to evaluate eyelid position, flap, and lateral canthus contour. Nineteen patients underwent repair using a tarsoconjunctival rotational flap as part of the second-stage modified Hughes reconstruction. The average time between the first and second-stage modified Hughes reconstruction was 61.5 ± 10.6 days. Postoperative photos showed no cases of hyperemic eyelid margins, hypertrophic eyelid margins, inferior canthal tendon laxity, lateral canthus phimosis, lateral canthus imbrications, flap dehiscence, or lateral canthal irritations. One patient complained of persistent lower eyelid irritation and discharge, and 1 patient had persistent edema, both of which resolved at the last follow-up. The lateralized tarsoconjunctival rotational flap has favorable surgical outcomes in the second-stage modified Hughes reconstruction of lower eyelid defects.

Abstract Background Patient-reported outcome and experiences measures (PROMs and PREMs) provide critical insights into physical, psychological, and social dimensions of health, offering a holistic understanding of healthcare quality. These tools are valuable in cardiovascular disease (CVD) care, where addressing individual preferences can enhance treatment outcomes and quality of life (QoL). Purpose As part of a broader EU initiative, this scoping review aims to identify and analyse the use and relevance of PROMs and PREMs in CVD care, focusing on QoL measurements. This evidence has the potential to support the EU initiative improving patient-centred outcomes, designing tailored interventions and integrating personalised care strategies into clinical practice. Together, these efforts aim to improve health outcomes for people with CVD. Methods The PICO-based PubMed search included terms for CVD, PROMS and PREMs, synonyms, and abbreviations. Peer-reviewed articles and reviews published before April 2024 in English, German, Dutch, French and Italian were included. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Articles focusing on different CVDs, i.e. ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrythmia and heart failure (HF) were eligible, excluding CVDs due to neurological complications, birth defects and peripheral artery disease. Only validated PROMs were considered. Summarization, analysis and evaluation of full texts are based on qualitative content analysis. Results 879 of 5,489 articles were screened for full text from which 390 were included in the analysis. 211 studies (68%) measured QoL. Observational studies were most common (47%), followed by RCTs (25%) and psychometric evaluations (6%). Most studies focused on HF (57%). 8 generic and 17 disease-specific instruments were identified. The EQ-5D was the most frequently used generic questionnaire (74%). Among disease-specific questionnaires, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) dominated (46%), followed by Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHF; 16%) and HeartQoL (12%). Although KCCQ and HeartQoL are developed to measure QoL in chronic HF, they are used across other CVDs. The MLHF is rarely used in other CVDs (see Figure 1). QoL measurement rose from 2014, peaking in 2020-2023. KCCQ use peaked in 2019, followed by a temporary decline in EQ-5D use, which increased rapidly in subsequent years, reaching the same level of use as KCCQ by 2021 (see Figure 2). In contrast, MLHF was not as widely used. Conclusion These findings indicate a growing preference for disease-specific QoL tools but also highlight variability in measurement approaches across different CVDs. Future studies should explore whether these PROMs truly capture patients' priorities and experiences, and how their use can be standardized across CVD care to enhance clinical decision-making. The EU initiative will address this by discussing PROMs with patients.Disease-specific questionnaires Measurement instruments

Periocular and orbital myiasis are rare, vision-threatening conditions characterized by the infestation of dipterous fly larvae into periorbital and orbital tissues. While it has been primarily reported in tropical and subtropical regions where the climate is ideal for fly larval breeding, any patient with inadequate wound care regardless of geography may be predisposed. Infestations can progress rapidly over the course of several days with significant risk of life-threatening intracranial extension. Despite this, there is a paucity of oculoplastic literature describing protocols to treat periocular and orbital myiasis in the acute setting. Here, the authors present a case of periocular and orbital myiasis seen at the Duke University Hospital in Durham, North Carolina (U.S.A.), and describe a protocol that was effective in the eradication of the infestation without surgical tissue debridement.

Given the ever-expanding usage of hyperspectral imagery in earth imaging applications and the proliferation of various types and capabilities of new and planned hyperspectral sensors, the need for rigorous calibration and characterization has become essential; especially when there is a requirement and need for using different sensors in performing change detection and other applications using temporal spatial/spectral signatures. This manuscript will cover an overview of the methodologies utilized and show results of spectral and radiometric calibration performed on the GHOSt payloads as well as the optical characterization specified by the empirically-derived system point spread function. An exemplar of this review would step through a radiometric calibration in acquiring near-nadir imagery of a RadCalNet site such as Railroad Valley, Nevada, obtaining near-coincident atmospheric characterization data from RadCalNet, transforming these data for use in a forward model, propagating to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) spectral radiance, deriving calibration coefficients, and presenting examples of before and after calibration imagery. Discussion includes challenges acquiring imagery and sufficient data to perform a calibration and various alternative community-accepted methods available. Spectral calibration of the GHOSt hyperspectral sensor will also be covered, from initial pre-launch calibration in the lab to methodology and results computed from gathered imagery over homogeneous areas in USGS pseudo-invariant sites. Optical characterization includes PSF/MTF information derived in the pre-launch in the lab and empirically derived PSFs from selected in-scene targets such as bridges, buildings, and other man-made target sets. The presentation of the calibration and characterization of this sensor payload, which has no onboard calibration or characterization additions, is expected to contribute to the continuing community discussion toward future accomplishment in hyperspectral and other types of satellite imagery standardization, quality assessment, and the expanding complementary use of imagery products.

Since launch in May 2022, the TeraByte Infrared Delivery (TBIRD) payload on a 6U CubeSat has successfully demonstrated 100/200 Gbps laser communications and has transferred >1 TB in a pass from low Earth orbit to ground. To support the narrow downlink beam needed for high rate communications, the payload provides pointing feedback to the host spacecraft to precisely track the ground station throughout the 5-minute pass. This paper presents the on-orbit results of the pointing and tracking system for TBIRD, including initial acquisition and closed-loop tracking performance of 20-35 <i>&mu;</i>rad RMS per axis. Results from on-orbit characterization of the transmit beam are also presented. Measurements of Tx/Rx alignment show stability within 20 <i>&mu;</i>rad, ensuring that tracking on the uplink accurately points the downlink.

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-Print CMECollectionsVideosFor Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsInformation for ReviewersLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search