Ordu University

This study develops a probabilistic dynamic risk assessment framework for grounding and collision/contact accidents in narrow waterways by integrating the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System for Passenger Vessels (HFACS-PV) with Bayesian Networks (BN). Marine accident reports from the Dover Strait (2004–2020) were systematically analysed to identify human, organisational, technical, and environmental risk factors, which were subsequently structured into a Bayesian Network to model their interdependencies and dynamic influence on accident occurrence. Conditional probability tables were derived from accident data and supplemented through structured expert elicitation. The resulting model enables real-time inference and predictive risk estimation under evolving operational conditions. Model performance was evaluated using detailed grounding and collision case studies, demonstrating its capability to replicate accident evolution and quantify the contribution of key causal factors. The results indicate that unsafe acts, particularly decision-based and perceptual errors, combined with deficiencies in voyage planning, supervision, and situational awareness, dominate accident causation in the Dover Strait. The proposed framework provides a quantitative decision-support tool for vessel traffic services and maritime operators, supporting proactive risk mitigation and safety optimisation in high-density and constrained navigational environments. • Analysis of Dover Strait grounding and collision accidents using HFACS to identify human and organisational causes. • A novel dynamic risk model enables real-time assessment of collision, contact, and grounding risks for operators. • The model supports risk control measures and optimises best practices to improve safety in narrow waterways.

The research aimed to establish sarcopenia occurrence rates among patients beginning hemodialysis treatment and assess muscle mass and function changes and sarcopenia status after six months of dialysis. The prospective observational study included 110 patients who were new to hemodialysis (maximum 1 month). Patients were grouped as sarcopenic (n = 33) and non-sarcopenic (n = 77) according to EWGSOP2 criteria. Demographic characteristics, body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, hand grip strength, walking speed tests, and laboratory parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 6 months. At baseline, 30% of the patients were considered sarcopenic. After six months of hemodialysis, only 2 of 33 patients (6.1%) who were sarcopenic at baseline remained sarcopenic (p = 0.76). Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) increased from 6.4 ± 1.0 kg/m2 to 6.9 ± 0.9 kg/m2 in the sarcopenic group (p = 0.65), but this difference was not significant when compared with the non-sarcopenic group (p = 0.32). Walking speed time improved from 10.5 ± 3.8 s to 8.7 ± 3.3 s in the sarcopenic group and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Right hand grip strength increased from 20.8 ± 9.2 kg to 31.2 ± 7.8 kg (p = 0.68). In multivariate analysis, SMI (OR: 0.38, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with sarcopenia, while age (p = 0.37), gender (p = 0.15), albumin (p = 0.62), and CRP (p = 0.82) were not significantly associated. Patients who start hemodialysis have high rates of sarcopenia but have significant muscle mass and functional improvements during the first six months of effective hemodialysis treatment. The removal of uremic toxins produces beneficial effects on muscle metabolism according to these results.

Unexplained disappearance accidents represent a critical yet underexplored safety issue in the marine industry. Despite severe human, legal, and economic consequences, such events remain insufficiently reported and poorly understood due to inconsistent documentation and limited empirical research. To address this gap, this study develops a data-driven Bayesian Network model to examine risk-influencing factors associated with disappearance and overboard accidents, mapping their spatial distribution globally. To the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first systematic risk assessment of disappearance accidents. The model demonstrated high predictive accuracy (87.18%) in classifying accidents. Analysis reveals disappearances occur predominantly within the first two months after embarkation, most frequently on cruise vessels, with elevated risks in specific sea areas. Based on these findings, the study proposes evidence-based policy recommendations, including internationally harmonized reporting protocols, enhanced detection technologies, and structured psychological screening programs, contributing to improved maritime safety management and risk mitigation strategies. • First quantitative risk analysis of disappearance incidents at sea. • Half of the disappearance cases occur within two weeks after joining the vessel. • Highest risks concentrate in cruise, tanker, and bulk carrier segments. • Bayesian Network model achieved 87.18% accuracy in accident classification. • Findings support improved safety management and prevention strategies.

This study aims to examine research on sustainable development in the context of social studies education through a meta-synthesis approach. A total of 22 studies (19 articles and three theses) conducted between 2009 and 2023 were systematically analyzed. The data were examined using document analysis and descriptive techniques, and coded and interpreted in MAXQDA 24. The findings reveal that the way sustainable development is addressed within social studies education still contains several conceptual and pedagogical limitations. Most studies lack sufficient transparency in sampling processes and analysis procedures. Research has predominantly focused on curriculum review, textbook analysis, and pre-service teacher awareness, demonstrating that sustainable development is often handled superficially in instructional materials and curricular objectives. Despite this, the social studies course has been shown to play a significant role in enhancing students' awareness and understanding of sustainability issues. The results emphasize the need to incorporate sustainable development more comprehensively into social studies education and to strengthen instructional materials and teacher education. To enhance the effectiveness of sustainability education, it is recommended that curriculum development and practice-oriented approaches be prioritized in teacher training.

In this study, a multicomponent composite film system based on alginate, chitosan, κ-carrageenan, agar, and Rapana venosa protein hydrolysate (RVPH) was developed, and the effect of RVPH incorporation (0-1.5%) on molecular interactions, microstructure, and functional performance was evaluated using FTIR, SEM, mechanical testing, optical analysis, and water-related measurements. FTIR results indicated that RVPH interacted with the polysaccharide matrix mainly through hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions without causing chemical degradation. SEM analysis revealed concentration-dependent microstructural changes, with smoother morphologies at low RVPH levels and increased roughness and heterogeneity at higher concentrations. These structural differences were reflected in the functional properties. All films exhibited high swelling and water solubility. Optical properties were significantly affected by RVPH. Mechanical properties exhibited a non-linear response, with numerical variations observed but no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). The EDAS and SWARA methods were employed to determine the optimal incorporation level of RVPH in the film formulations. Among the RVPH-containing films, the formulation incorporating 1% RVPH was identified as the most suitable alternative.

Cumhuriyet dönemi yazarlarından biri olan Feyza Hepçilingirler (1948,-), öykü, roman ve deneme gibi farklı türlerde yazdığı eserlerle Türk edebiyatına özgün ve nitelikli katkılar sunmuştur. Yazar, Hitit Prensesi Arinna (2019) adlı romanında Hitit kültürüne dair tarihsel unsurları edebî kurgu ile bütünleştirerek çok katmanlı ve işlevsel bir kültürel aktarım gerçekleştirir. Bu yönüyle roman, tarihsel bilgi ile edebî anlatımı harmanlayan özgün bir kurgu yapısına sahiptir. Beş bölümden oluşan bu çalışmanın “Giriş” kısmında Hitit dönemi ve Hitit Prensesi Arinna romanı hakkında genel bilgi verilir; ardından romandaki Hitit kültürüne ait unsurlar, tematik bir yöntemle “Diplomatik Yapı ve Kadının Toplumdaki Yeri”, “Siyasi, Hukuk ve Toplumsal Düzen”, “Din ve İnanç Sistemi”, “Hitit Coğrafyası ve Yerleşimleri” ve “Ekonomi ve Günlük Yaşam” başlıkları altında ele alınır. Ayrıca romanda Hitit dönemine ilişkin yapılan tespit ve değerlendirmeler hakkında Hitit döneminin kültürel, toplumsal ve siyasal yapısına dair çıkarımları somutlaştırmak amacıyla eserden alıntılara yer verilir. Bu alıntılar, hem yorumların romandaki dayanaklarını ortaya koyar hem de kurmaca yapı ile tarihsel gerçeklik arasındaki ilişkinin daha belirgin hâle gelmesini sağlar. Nitekim romanda yer alan kültürel unsurlar, kurgu içinde bütünleşerek tarihsel bilgi aktarımını destekler niteliktedir. Çalışmanın “Sonuç” bölümünde ise Hitit kültürü üzerinden elde edilen malzemelerin nasıl işlendiği ve tarihsel gerçeklikle kurgu arasındaki dengenin nasıl korunduğuna ilişkin genel kanaatler ortaya konulmaya çalışılır.

Abstract ‘41B’ and ‘1103 P rootstock wood cuttings were used as materials. The cuttings were planted in a perlite filled planting tray and reached the 9th developmental stage, foliar applications of H 3 BO 3 at different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) were carried out by spraying. After applying boric acid, some cuttings were cultivated in saline conditions (5120 ppm NaCl). After 8 weeks of application, shoot, root and some physiological parameters were measured in plants. 1103 P rootstock showed better shoot development compared to the 41 B rootstock. 1103 P rootstock benefited more from the supportive effect of boron in terms of its efficacy in salt resistance. Even in saline conditions, the application of 0.5 mM boron, in the instance of rootstock 41B, improved shoot development with increased fresh and dry shoot weights, indicating that this may be the optimal boron dose for this rootstock. In particular at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM, boron has been shown to have a positive impact on supporting root development against salt stress. Salinity with the application of 0.5 mM and 1 mM boron was significantly reduced in ion flux and harmful levels. 1103 P rootstock maintained its water and physiological balance better than the 41 B rootstock.