Origin Sciences (United Kingdom)

Background: Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) remains a significant clinical challenge,especially in paediatric patients. Prolonged fever with no apparent diagnosis demands a systematic approach for early identification and effective management.This study focuses on understanding the etiological spectrum of FUO in children aged 3–12 years and aims to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies. Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 children aged 3–12 years diagnosed with FUO.We collected data on patient demographics, clinical history, physical findings, and a structured diagnostic protocol including laboratory, serological, and imaging investigations. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 30 to identify associations between clinical features and final etiological diagnosis. Results: Of the 100 paediatric FUO cases,the most frequent diagnoses were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (16%), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (14%), and tuberculosis (12%). After a complete evaluation, 16% of the patients remained undiagnosed.WBC was elevated in most patients, with ESR and CRP significantly elevated in inflammatory conditions.The duration of fever varied according to the condition,with endocarditis cases lasting an average of 38 days. FUO was more common among girls (57%) and appeared in every age group,with conditions such as Kawasaki disease and myelodysplastic syndrome affecting older children. The important diagnostic factors are hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and joint swelling. Conclusion: Our study emphasises the diverse aetiologies of paediatric FUO, underlining the need for a careful diagnostic process. Although infections are prevalent, most occurrences are due to haematological malignancies and autoimmune conditions.The high percentage of undiagnosed cases underscores the necessity for advanced diagnostic tools and further research on paediatric FUO.

New data are presented describing the retention time and longitudinal dispersion of a solute tracer across circular surcharged manhole structures of different diameters. The variations with both discharge and surcharge level are described and the relationships quantified. The variation of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient exhibits poorly defined trends, however using an aggregated dead zone technique both the reach time delay and travel time show clear variations. A surcharge threshold level for these parameters is evident at the larger manhole diameters and this is explained in relation to jet theory. The variation of the surcharge mean time delay and postthreshold mean travel time are quantified, while the prethreshold travel times are shown to be dependent on both discharge and surcharge. The relationships allow for inclusion in sewer water quality modeling and provide a method for improving predictive techniques.

article Free Access Share on OO process and metrics for effort estimation Authors: Dennis de Champeaux Onto OO Onto OOView Profile , Simon Horner Origin UK Origin UKView Profile , Granville Miller Northen Telecom Inc Northen Telecom IncView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN OOPS MessengerVolume 6Issue 4Oct 1, 1995 pp 138–142https://doi.org/10.1145/260111.260268Published:01 October 1995Publication History 2citation604DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads604Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF