PKP Group (Poland)

This study focuses on the investigation of the geological and neotectonic conditions of the Amyntaio Basin, with a particular emphasis on the recent geological formations that host the region’s primary aquifers. Understanding the stratigraphy and tectonic structure is considered essential, as these formations serve as the primary water source for domestic, agricultural, and industrial requirements. The basin fill consists of thick Neogene and Quaternary sediments deposited unconformably over the Mesozoic basement. Dominating these deposits is the lignite-bearing series, while the overlying Quaternary formations are distinguished into the lower coarse-grained Proastio Formation, characterized by conglomerates and sands, and the upper finer-grained Perdikka Formation, which primarily includes marls and clays. Significant importance is attributed to modern alluvial deposits, which cover most of the basin and directly influence the hydrogeodynamic system. In the central part of the basin, near Lake Chimaditida, up to six-meter-thick layers of peat and organic silt occur, while the northwestern sector is dominated by the extensive alluvial fan of Sklithro.Structural mapping revealed a dense fault fabric compatible with the current extensional stress regime of the area, dominated by normal faults striking NE-SW to ENE-WSW. The primary structures include the Vegoritida fault zone, which terminates at the northern boundary of the Amyntaio mine, the Chimaditida fault, which is likely connected to the Vegoritida system, and the Anargyroi fault, which defines the southern margin of the sub-basin. The combination of these structures creates a second-order tectonic graben where Lake Chimaditida has developed, while the Amyntaio mine area is situated within a fault transfer zone. Within the mine itself, the tectonic fabric consists of smaller normal faults following the same primary orientation, creating a complex horst and graben system.One of the main conclusions of this study is the systematic geographical distribution and geometry of the mapped ground fissures. The orientation of these fissures coincides with the primary direction of the regional neotectonic fabric, specifically following the trends of the Petres-Sklithro and Anargyroi fault systems. Their kinematics align with the general tectonic extensional regime, suggesting a clear genetic relationship between active faults and surface ruptures. In certain areas, such as the one west of the mine, between the settlements of Anargyroi and Valtonera, the traces of the mapped faults practically coincide with the observed fissures. Furthermore, the alignment of these outcropping structures, between Valtonera and Rodona, confirms the existence of the Valtonera Fault. This structure constitutes an integral part of the neotectonic fabric and is identified as the primary factor responsible for the magnitude of the ground deformation phenomena within the settlement.

W artykule omówiono najważniejsze kwestie związane z poszukiwaniem, wydobyciem i dystrybucją ukraińskich zasobów ropy naftowej, gazu ziemnego i węgla kamiennego. Autor zwraca szczególną uwagę na potencjał współpracy ukraińskiego sektora wydobywczego z europejskimi firmami energetycznymi w zakresie poszukiwania, wydobycia i transportu surowców. Sednem problemu, zdaniem Autora artykułu Zasoby, produkcja, perspektywy rozwoju ukraińskiego sektora wydobywczego, jest brak odpowiednich środków finansowych na realizację ambitnych planów odbudowy ukraińskiego sektora energetycznego – zarówno pod względem zarządzania technicznego, jak i mentalności niezbędnej do ograniczenia korupcji. W tym kontekście inwestycje zagraniczne mogą być kluczowym katalizatorem ożywienia ukraińskiej gospodarki. Polskie firmy z sektora ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego – takie jak PKN ORLEN, LOTOS i PGNiG – zajmują ważne miejsce na mapie relacji w obszarze energetyki konwencjonalnej. Zgodnie z deklaracjami polskich władz, podmioty te mają zostać połączone w holding, który stanie się największym przedsiębiorstwem paliwowym w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej, zdolnym do konkurowania na globalnym rynku energetycznym. Artykuł podkreśla również zaangażowanie Polski w poszukiwania i eksploatację zasobów energetycznych na Ukrainie, szczególnie w jej zachodnich regionach. Ponadto, w opracowaniu podjęto próbę identyfikacji pozostałych szans i ograniczeń, które wpływają na ogólną ocenę kondycji ukraińskiego sektora energetycznego. Równie istotna jest analiza wydarzeń politycznych związanych z eskalacją rosyjsko-ukraińskiego konfliktu zbrojnego, którego rozwiązanie zadecyduje o losach ukraińskiej państwowości, a w konsekwencji o przyszłości jej górnictwa i energetyki. The article discusses the most important issues related to the exploration, production, and distribution of Ukraine’s resources of crude oil, natural gas, and hard coal. The author pays particular attention to the potential for cooperation between the Ukrainian mining sector and European energy companies in the areas of exploration, extraction, and transportation of raw materials. The core issue, according to the author of the article Resources, Production, Development Prospects of the Ukrainian Mining Sector, lies in the lack of adequate financial resources to implement ambitious plans for the reconstruction of Ukraine’s energy sector – both in terms of technical management and the mentality required to curb corruption. In this context, foreign investment may serve as a crucial catalyst for revitalizing the Ukrainian economy. Polish companies in the oil and natural gas sector – such as PKN ORLEN, LOTOS, and PGNiG – occupy an important position on the conventional energy relations map. According to declarations from Polish authorities, these entities are to be merged into a holding company that would become the largest fuel enterprise in Central and Eastern Europe, capable of competing on the global energy market. The article also highlights Poland’s involvement in the exploration and exploitation of energy resources in Ukraine, particularly in its western regions. In addition, the study attempts to identify the remaining opportunities and limitations that influence the overall assessment of the condition of Ukraine’s energy sector. Equally significant is the analysis of political developments related to the escalating Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict, the resolution of which will determine the fate of Ukrainian statehood and, consequently, the future of its mining and energy industries.

Warszawski Gabinet Zoologiczny w korespondencji Armanda Davida (1826–1900) – nieznane listy Władysława Taczanowskiego (1819–1890), Konstantego Branickiego (1824–1884) i Charlesa Oberthüra (1845–1924)